论语英译子罕篇
作者:古文学 时间:2017/12/17 16:29:24 阅读:次 类别:论语
ConfucianAnalects Chapter9
ThesubjectsofwhichtheMasterseldomspokewere-profitableness,andalsotheappointmentsofHeaven,andperfectvirtue.
AmanofthevillageofTa-hsiangsaid,"GreatindeedisthephilosopherK‘ung!Hislearningisextensive,andyethedoesnotrenderhisnamefamousbyanyparticularthing."
TheMasterheardtheobservation,andsaidtohisdisciples,"WhatshallIpractice?ShallIpracticecharioteering,orshallIpracticearchery?Iwillpracticecharioteering."
TheMastersaid,"Thelinencapisthatprescribedbytherulesofceremony,butnowasilkoneisworn.Itiseconomical,andIfollowthecommonpractice.
"Therulesofceremonyprescribethebowingbelowthehall,butnowthepracticeistobowonlyafterascendingit.Thatisarrogant.Icontinuetobowbelowthehall,thoughIopposethecommonpractice."
TherewerefourthingsfromwhichtheMasterwasentirelyfree.Hehadnoforegoneconclusions,noarbitrarypredeterminations,noobstinacy,andnoegoism.
TheMasterwasputinfearinK‘wang.Hesaid,"AfterthedeathofKingWan,wasnotthecauseoftruth
lodgedhereinme?
"IfHeavenhadwishedtoletthiscauseoftruthperish,thenI,afuturemortal!shouldnothavegotsucharelationtothatcause.WhileHeavendoesnotletthecauseoftruthperish,whatcanthepeopleofK‘wangdotome?"
AhighofficeraskedTsze-kung,saying,"MaywenotsaythatyourMasterisasage?Howvariousishisability!"
Tsze-kungsaid,"CertainlyHeavenhasendowedhimunlimitedly.Heisaboutasage.And,moreover,hisabilityisvarious."
TheMasterheardoftheconversationandsaid,"Doesthehighofficerknowme?WhenIwasyoung,myconditionwaslow,andIacquiredmyabilityinmanythings,buttheyweremeanmatters.Mustthesuperiormanhavesuchvarietyofability?Hedoesnotneedvarietyofability.Laosaid,"TheMastersaid,‘Havingnoofficialemployment,Iacquiredmanyarts.‘"
TheMastersaid,"AmIindeedpossessedofknowledge?Iamnotknowing.Butifameanperson,whoappearsquiteempty-like,askanythingofme,Isetitforthfromoneendtotheother,andexhaustit."
TheMastersaid,"TheFangbirddoesnotcome;theriversendsforthnomap:-itisalloverwithme!"
WhentheMastersawapersoninamourningdress,oranyonewiththecapandupperandlowergarmentsoffulldress,orablindperson,onobservingthemapproaching,thoughtheywereyoungerthanhimself,hewouldriseup,andifhehadtopassbythem,hewoulddosohastily.
YenYuan,inadmirationoftheMaster‘sdoctrines,sighedandsaid,"Ilookeduptothem,andtheyseemedtobecomemorehigh;Itriedtopenetratethem,andtheyseemedtobecomemorefirm;Ilookedatthembeforeme,andsuddenlytheyseemedtobebehind.
"TheMaster,byorderlymethod,skillfullyleadsmenon.Heenlargedmymindwithlearning,andtaughtmetherestraintsofpropriety.
"WhenIwishtogiveoverthestudyofhisdoctrines,Icannotdoso,andhavingexertedallmyability,thereseemssomethingtostandrightupbeforeme;butthoughIwishtofollowandlayholdofit,Ireallyfindnowaytodoso."
TheMasterbeingveryill,Tsze-luwishedthedisciplestoactasministerstohim.
Duringaremissionofhisillness,hesaid,"LonghastheconductofYubeendeceitful!BypretendingtohaveministerswhenIhavethemnot,whomshouldIimposeupon?ShouldIimposeuponHeaven?
"Moreover,thanthatIshoulddieinthehandsofministers,isitnotbetterthatIshoulddieinthehandsofyou,mydisciples?AndthoughImaynotgetagreatburial,shallIdieupontheroad?"
Tsze-kungsaid,"Thereisabeautifulgemhere.ShouldIlayitupinacaseandkeepit?orshouldIseekforagoodpriceandsellit?"TheMastersaid,"Sellit!Sellit!ButIwouldwaitforonetooffertheprice."
TheMasterwaswishingtogoandliveamongtheninewildtribesoftheeast.
Someonesaid,"Theyarerude.Howcanyoudosuchathing?"TheMastersaid,"Ifasuperiormandweltamongthem,whatrudenesswouldtherebe?"
TheMastersaid,"IreturnedfromWeitoLu,andthenthemusicwasreformed,andthepiecesintheRoyalsongsandPraisesongsallfoundtheirproperplaces."
TheMastersaid,"Abroad,toservethehighministersandnobles;athome,toserveone‘sfatherandelderbrothers;inalldutiestothedead,nottodarenottoexertone‘sself;andnottobeovercomeofwine:-whichoneofthesethingsdoIattainto?"
TheMasterstandingbyastream,said,"Itpassesonjustlikethis,notceasingdayornight!"
TheMastersaid,"Ihavenotseenonewholovesvirtueashelovesbeauty."
TheMastersaid,"Theprosecutionoflearningmaybecomparedtowhatmayhappeninraisingamound.Iftherewantbutonebasketofearthtocompletethework,andIstop,thestoppingismyownwork.Itmaybecomparedtothrowingdowntheearthonthelevelground.Thoughbutonebasketfulisthrownatatime,theadvancingwithitmyowngoingforward."
TheMastersaid,"NeverflaggingwhenIsetforthanythingtohim;-ah!thatisHui."TheMastersaidofYenYuan,"Alas!Isawhisconstantadvance.Ineversawhimstopinhisprogress."
TheMastersaid,"Therearecasesinwhichthebladesprings,buttheplantdoesnotgoontoflower!Therearecaseswhereitflowersbutfruitisnotsubsequentlyproduced!"
TheMastersaid,"Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.Howdoweknowthathisfuturewillnotbeequaltoourpresent?Ifhereachtheageoffortyorfifty,andhasnotmadehimselfheardof,thenindeedhewillnotbeworthbeingregardedwithrespect."
TheMastersaid,"Canmenrefusetoassenttothewordsofstrictadmonition?Butitisreformingtheconductbecauseofthemwhichisvaluable.Canmenrefusetobepleasedwithwordsofgentleadvice?Butitisunfoldingtheiraimwhichisvaluable.Ifamanbepleasedwiththesewords,butdoesnotunfoldtheiraim,andassentstothose,butdoesnotreformhisconduct,Icanreallydonothingwithhim."
TheMastersaid,"Holdfaithfulnessandsincerityasfirstprinciples.Havenofriendsnotequaltoyourself.Whenyouhavefaults,donotfeartoabandonthem."
TheMastersaid,"Thecommanderoftheforcesofalargestatemaybecarriedoff,butthewillofevenacommonmancannotbetakenfromhim."
TheMastersaid,"Dressedhimselfinatatteredrobequiltedwithhemp,yetstandingbythesideofmendressedinfurs,andnotashamed;-ah!itisYuwhoisequaltothis!
"Hedislikesnone,hecovetsnothing;-whatcanhedobutwhatisgood!"
Tsze-lukeptcontinuallyrepeatingthesewordsoftheode,whentheMastersaid,"Thosethingsarebynomeanssufficienttoconstituteperfectexcellence."
TheMastersaid,"Whentheyearbecomescold,thenweknowhowthepineandthecypressarethelasttolosetheirleaves."
TheMastersaid,"Thewisearefreefromperplexities;thevirtuousfromanxiety;andtheboldfromfear."
TheMastersaid,"Therearesomewithwhomwemaystudyincommon,butweshallfindthemunabletogoalongwithustoprinciples.Perhapswemaygoonwiththemtoprinciples,butweshallfindthemunabletogetestablishedinthosealongwithus.Orifwemaygetsoestablishedalongwiththem,weshallfindthemunabletoweighoccurringeventsalongwithus."
"Howtheflowersoftheaspen-plumflutterandturn!DoInotthinkofyou?Butyourhouseisdistant."
TheMastersaid,"Itisthewantofthoughtaboutit.Howisitdistant?"
9·1子罕言利与命与仁。
孔子很少谈到利益,却赞成天命和仁德。
9·2达巷党人曰:“大哉孔子!博学而无所成名。”子闻之,谓门弟子曰:“吾何执?执御乎
?执射乎?吾执御矣。”
达巷党这个地方有人说:“孔子真伟大啊!他学问渊博,因而不能以某一方面的专长来称赞他。
”孔子听说了,对他的学生说:“我要专长于哪个方面呢?驾车呢?还是射箭呢?我还是驾车吧
。”
9·3子曰:“麻冕,礼也;今也纯,俭,吾从众。拜下,礼也;今拜乎上,泰也。虽违众,吾
从下。”
孔子说:“用麻布制成的礼帽,符合于礼的规定。现在大家都用黑丝绸制作,这样比过去节省了
,我赞成大家的作法。(臣见国君)首先要在堂下跪拜,这也是符合于礼的。现在大家都到堂上
跪拜,这是骄纵的表现。虽然与大家的作法不一样,我还是主张先在堂下拜。”
9·4子绝四——毋意,毋必,毋固,毋我。
孔子杜绝了四种弊病:没有主观猜疑,没有定要实现的期望,没有固执己见之举,没有自私之心。
9·5子畏于匡,曰:“文王既没,文不在兹乎?天之将丧斯文也,后死者不得与于斯文也;天
之未丧斯文也,匡人其如予何?”
孔子被匡地的人们所围困时,他说:“周文王死了以后,周代的礼乐文化不都体现在我的身上吗
?上天如果想要消灭这种文化,那我就不可能掌握这种文化了;上天如果不消灭这种文化,那么
匡人又能把我怎么样呢?”
9·6太宰问于子贡曰:“夫子圣者与?何其多能也?”子贡曰:“固天纵之将圣,又多能也。
”子闻之,曰:“太宰知我乎?吾少也贱,故多能鄙事。君子多乎哉?不多也。”
太宰问子贡说:“孔夫子是位圣人吧?为什么这样多才多艺呢?”子贡说:“这本是上天让他成
为圣人,而且使他多才多艺。”孔子听到后说:“太宰怎么会了解我呢?我因为少年时地位低贱
,所以会许多卑贱的技艺。君子会有这么多的技艺吗?不会多的。”
9·7牢曰:“子云,‘吾不试,故艺’。”
子牢说:“孔子说过,‘我(年轻时)没有去做官,所以会许多技艺’。”
9·8子曰:“吾有知乎哉?无知也。有鄙夫问于我,空空如也。我叩其两端而竭焉。”
孔子说:“我有知识吗?其实没有知识。有一个乡下人问我,我对他谈的问题本来一点也不知道
。我只是从问题的两端去问,这样对此问题就可以全部搞清楚了。”
9·9子曰:“凤鸟不至,河不出图,吾已矣夫!”
孔子说:“凤鸟不来了,黄河中也不出现八卦图了。我这一生也就完了吧!”
9·10子见齐衰者,冕衣裳者与瞽者,见之,虽少,必作;过之,必趋。
孔子遇见穿丧服的人,当官的人和盲人时,虽然他们年轻,也一定要站起来,从他们面前经过时
,一定要快步走过。
9·11颜渊喟然叹曰:“仰之弥高,钻之弥坚,瞻之在前,忽焉在后。夫子循循然善诱人,博我
以文,约我以礼,欲罢不能。即竭吾才,如有所立卓尔。虽欲从之,末由也已。”
颜渊感叹地说:“(对于老师的学问与道德),我抬头仰望,越望越觉得高;我努力钻研,越钻
研越觉得不可穷尽。看着它好像在前面,忽然又像在后面。老师善于一步一步地诱导我,用各种
典籍来丰富我的知识,又用各种礼节来约束我的言行,使我想停止学习都不可能,直到我用尽了
我的全力。好像有一个十分高大的东西立在我前面,虽然我想要追随上去,却没有前进的路径了
。”
9·12子疾病,子路使门人为臣。病间,曰:“久矣哉,由之行诈也。无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺?
欺天乎?且予与其死于臣之手也,无宁死于二三子之手乎?且予纵不得大葬,予死于道路乎?”
孔子患了重病,子路派了(孔子的)门徒去作孔子的家臣,(负责料理后事,)后来,孔子的病
好了一些,他说:“仲由很久以来就干这种弄虚作假的事情。我明明没有家臣,却偏偏要装作有
家臣,我骗谁呢?我骗上天吧?与其在家臣的侍候下死去,我宁可在你们这些学生的侍候下死去
,这样不是更好吗?而且即使我不能以大夫之礼来安葬,难道就会被丢在路边没人埋吗?”
9·13子贡曰:“有美玉于斯,韫匵而藏诸?求善贾而沽诸?”子曰:“沽之哉,沽之哉!我待
贾者也。”
子贡说:“这里有一块美玉,是把它收藏在柜子里呢?还是找一个识货的商人卖掉呢?”孔子说
:“卖掉吧,卖掉吧!我正在等着识货的人呢。”
9·14子欲居九夷。或曰:“陋,如之何?”子曰:“君子居之,何陋之有?”
孔子想要搬到九夷地方去居住。有人说:“那里非常落后闭塞,不开化,怎么能住呢?”孔子说
:“有君子去位,就不闭塞落后了。”
9·15子曰:“吾自卫反鲁,然后乐正,雅颂各得其所。”
孔子说:“我从卫国返回到鲁国以后,乐才得到整理,雅乐和颂乐各有适当的安排。”
9·16子曰:“出则事公卿,入则事父兄,丧事不敢不勉,不为酒困,何有于我哉。”
孔子说:“在外事奉公卿,在家孝敬父兄,有丧事不敢不尽力去办,不被酒所困,这些事对我来
说有什么困难呢?”
9·17子在川上曰:“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜。”
孔子在河边说:“消逝的时光就像这河水一样啊,不分昼夜地向前流去。”
9·18子曰:“吾未见好德如好色者也。”
孔子说:“我没有见过像好色那样好德的人。”
9·19子曰:“譬如为山,未成一篑,止,吾止也;譬如平地,虽覆一篑,进,吾往也。
孔子说:“譬如用土堆山,只差一筐土就完成了,这时停下来,那是我自己要停下来的;譬如在
平地上堆山,虽然只倒下一筐,这时继续前进,那是我自己要前进的。”
9·20子曰:“语之而不惰者,其回也与!”
孔子说:“听我说话而能毫不懈怠的,只有颜回一个人吧!”
9·21子谓颜渊曰:“惜乎!吾见其进也,未见其止也。”
孔子对颜渊说:“可惜呀!我只见他不断前进,从来没有看见他停止过。”
9·22子曰:“苗而不秀者有矣夫;秀而不实者有矣夫!”
孔子说:“庄稼出了苗而不能吐穗扬花的情况是有的;吐穗扬花而不结果实的情况也有。”
9·23子曰:“后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也?四十、五十而无闻焉,斯亦不足畏也已。”
孔子说:“年轻人是值得敬畏的,怎么就知道后一代不如前一代呢?如果到了四五十岁时还默默
无闻,那他就没有什么可以敬畏的了。”
9·24子曰:“法语之言,能无从乎?改之为贵。巽与之言,能无说乎?绎之为贵。说而不绎,
从而不改,吾末如之何也已矣。”
孔子说:“符合礼法的正言规劝,谁能不听从呢?但(只有按它来)改正自己的错误才是可贵的
。恭顺赞许的话,谁能听了不高兴呢?但只有认真推究它(的真伪是非),才是可贵的。只是高
兴而不去分析,只是表示听从而不改正错误,(对这样的人)我拿他实在是没有办法了。”
9·25子曰:“主忠信,毋友不如己者,过则勿惮改。”
孔子说:“要以忠信为主,不要同与自己不同道的人交朋友;有了过错,就不要怕改正。”
9·26子曰:“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。”
孔子说:“一国军队,可以夺去它的主帅;但一个男子汉,他的志向是不能强迫改变的。”
9·27子曰:“衣敝缊袍,与衣狐貉者立而不耻者,其由也与?‘不忮不求,何用不臧?’”子
路终身诵之。子曰:“是道也,何足以臧?”
孔子说:“穿着破旧的丝棉袍子,与穿着狐貉皮袍的人站在一起而不认为是可耻的,大概只有仲
由吧。(《诗经》上说:)‘不嫉妒,不贪求,为什么说不好呢?’”子路听后,反复背诵这句
诗。孔子又说:“只做到这样,怎么能说够好了呢?”
9·28子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后彫后也。”
孔子说:“到了寒冷的季节,才知道松柏是最后凋谢的。”
9·29子曰:“知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。”
孔子说:“聪明人不会迷惑,有仁德的人不会忧愁,勇敢的人不会畏惧。”
9·30子曰:“可与共学,未可与适道;可与适道,未可与立;可与立,未可与权。”
孔子说:“可以一起学习的人,未必都能学到道;能够学到道的人,未必能够坚守道;能够坚守
道的人,未必能够随机应变。”
9·31“唐棣之华,偏其反而。岂不尔思,室是远而。”子曰:“未之思也,夫何远之有?”
古代有一首诗这样写道:“唐棣的花朵啊,翩翩地摇摆。我岂能不想念你吗?只是由于家住的地
方太远了。”孔子说:“他还是没有真的想念,如果真的想念,有什么遥远呢?”
ThesubjectsofwhichtheMasterseldomspokewere-profitableness,andalsotheappointmentsofHeaven,andperfectvirtue.
AmanofthevillageofTa-hsiangsaid,"GreatindeedisthephilosopherK‘ung!Hislearningisextensive,andyethedoesnotrenderhisnamefamousbyanyparticularthing."
TheMasterheardtheobservation,andsaidtohisdisciples,"WhatshallIpractice?ShallIpracticecharioteering,orshallIpracticearchery?Iwillpracticecharioteering."
TheMastersaid,"Thelinencapisthatprescribedbytherulesofceremony,butnowasilkoneisworn.Itiseconomical,andIfollowthecommonpractice.
"Therulesofceremonyprescribethebowingbelowthehall,butnowthepracticeistobowonlyafterascendingit.Thatisarrogant.Icontinuetobowbelowthehall,thoughIopposethecommonpractice."
TherewerefourthingsfromwhichtheMasterwasentirelyfree.Hehadnoforegoneconclusions,noarbitrarypredeterminations,noobstinacy,andnoegoism.
TheMasterwasputinfearinK‘wang.Hesaid,"AfterthedeathofKingWan,wasnotthecauseoftruth
lodgedhereinme?
"IfHeavenhadwishedtoletthiscauseoftruthperish,thenI,afuturemortal!shouldnothavegotsucharelationtothatcause.WhileHeavendoesnotletthecauseoftruthperish,whatcanthepeopleofK‘wangdotome?"
AhighofficeraskedTsze-kung,saying,"MaywenotsaythatyourMasterisasage?Howvariousishisability!"
Tsze-kungsaid,"CertainlyHeavenhasendowedhimunlimitedly.Heisaboutasage.And,moreover,hisabilityisvarious."
TheMasterheardoftheconversationandsaid,"Doesthehighofficerknowme?WhenIwasyoung,myconditionwaslow,andIacquiredmyabilityinmanythings,buttheyweremeanmatters.Mustthesuperiormanhavesuchvarietyofability?Hedoesnotneedvarietyofability.Laosaid,"TheMastersaid,‘Havingnoofficialemployment,Iacquiredmanyarts.‘"
TheMastersaid,"AmIindeedpossessedofknowledge?Iamnotknowing.Butifameanperson,whoappearsquiteempty-like,askanythingofme,Isetitforthfromoneendtotheother,andexhaustit."
TheMastersaid,"TheFangbirddoesnotcome;theriversendsforthnomap:-itisalloverwithme!"
WhentheMastersawapersoninamourningdress,oranyonewiththecapandupperandlowergarmentsoffulldress,orablindperson,onobservingthemapproaching,thoughtheywereyoungerthanhimself,hewouldriseup,andifhehadtopassbythem,hewoulddosohastily.
YenYuan,inadmirationoftheMaster‘sdoctrines,sighedandsaid,"Ilookeduptothem,andtheyseemedtobecomemorehigh;Itriedtopenetratethem,andtheyseemedtobecomemorefirm;Ilookedatthembeforeme,andsuddenlytheyseemedtobebehind.
"TheMaster,byorderlymethod,skillfullyleadsmenon.Heenlargedmymindwithlearning,andtaughtmetherestraintsofpropriety.
"WhenIwishtogiveoverthestudyofhisdoctrines,Icannotdoso,andhavingexertedallmyability,thereseemssomethingtostandrightupbeforeme;butthoughIwishtofollowandlayholdofit,Ireallyfindnowaytodoso."
TheMasterbeingveryill,Tsze-luwishedthedisciplestoactasministerstohim.
Duringaremissionofhisillness,hesaid,"LonghastheconductofYubeendeceitful!BypretendingtohaveministerswhenIhavethemnot,whomshouldIimposeupon?ShouldIimposeuponHeaven?
"Moreover,thanthatIshoulddieinthehandsofministers,isitnotbetterthatIshoulddieinthehandsofyou,mydisciples?AndthoughImaynotgetagreatburial,shallIdieupontheroad?"
Tsze-kungsaid,"Thereisabeautifulgemhere.ShouldIlayitupinacaseandkeepit?orshouldIseekforagoodpriceandsellit?"TheMastersaid,"Sellit!Sellit!ButIwouldwaitforonetooffertheprice."
TheMasterwaswishingtogoandliveamongtheninewildtribesoftheeast.
Someonesaid,"Theyarerude.Howcanyoudosuchathing?"TheMastersaid,"Ifasuperiormandweltamongthem,whatrudenesswouldtherebe?"
TheMastersaid,"IreturnedfromWeitoLu,andthenthemusicwasreformed,andthepiecesintheRoyalsongsandPraisesongsallfoundtheirproperplaces."
TheMastersaid,"Abroad,toservethehighministersandnobles;athome,toserveone‘sfatherandelderbrothers;inalldutiestothedead,nottodarenottoexertone‘sself;andnottobeovercomeofwine:-whichoneofthesethingsdoIattainto?"
TheMasterstandingbyastream,said,"Itpassesonjustlikethis,notceasingdayornight!"
TheMastersaid,"Ihavenotseenonewholovesvirtueashelovesbeauty."
TheMastersaid,"Theprosecutionoflearningmaybecomparedtowhatmayhappeninraisingamound.Iftherewantbutonebasketofearthtocompletethework,andIstop,thestoppingismyownwork.Itmaybecomparedtothrowingdowntheearthonthelevelground.Thoughbutonebasketfulisthrownatatime,theadvancingwithitmyowngoingforward."
TheMastersaid,"NeverflaggingwhenIsetforthanythingtohim;-ah!thatisHui."TheMastersaidofYenYuan,"Alas!Isawhisconstantadvance.Ineversawhimstopinhisprogress."
TheMastersaid,"Therearecasesinwhichthebladesprings,buttheplantdoesnotgoontoflower!Therearecaseswhereitflowersbutfruitisnotsubsequentlyproduced!"
TheMastersaid,"Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.Howdoweknowthathisfuturewillnotbeequaltoourpresent?Ifhereachtheageoffortyorfifty,andhasnotmadehimselfheardof,thenindeedhewillnotbeworthbeingregardedwithrespect."
TheMastersaid,"Canmenrefusetoassenttothewordsofstrictadmonition?Butitisreformingtheconductbecauseofthemwhichisvaluable.Canmenrefusetobepleasedwithwordsofgentleadvice?Butitisunfoldingtheiraimwhichisvaluable.Ifamanbepleasedwiththesewords,butdoesnotunfoldtheiraim,andassentstothose,butdoesnotreformhisconduct,Icanreallydonothingwithhim."
TheMastersaid,"Holdfaithfulnessandsincerityasfirstprinciples.Havenofriendsnotequaltoyourself.Whenyouhavefaults,donotfeartoabandonthem."
TheMastersaid,"Thecommanderoftheforcesofalargestatemaybecarriedoff,butthewillofevenacommonmancannotbetakenfromhim."
TheMastersaid,"Dressedhimselfinatatteredrobequiltedwithhemp,yetstandingbythesideofmendressedinfurs,andnotashamed;-ah!itisYuwhoisequaltothis!
"Hedislikesnone,hecovetsnothing;-whatcanhedobutwhatisgood!"
Tsze-lukeptcontinuallyrepeatingthesewordsoftheode,whentheMastersaid,"Thosethingsarebynomeanssufficienttoconstituteperfectexcellence."
TheMastersaid,"Whentheyearbecomescold,thenweknowhowthepineandthecypressarethelasttolosetheirleaves."
TheMastersaid,"Thewisearefreefromperplexities;thevirtuousfromanxiety;andtheboldfromfear."
TheMastersaid,"Therearesomewithwhomwemaystudyincommon,butweshallfindthemunabletogoalongwithustoprinciples.Perhapswemaygoonwiththemtoprinciples,butweshallfindthemunabletogetestablishedinthosealongwithus.Orifwemaygetsoestablishedalongwiththem,weshallfindthemunabletoweighoccurringeventsalongwithus."
"Howtheflowersoftheaspen-plumflutterandturn!DoInotthinkofyou?Butyourhouseisdistant."
TheMastersaid,"Itisthewantofthoughtaboutit.Howisitdistant?"
9·1子罕言利与命与仁。
孔子很少谈到利益,却赞成天命和仁德。
9·2达巷党人曰:“大哉孔子!博学而无所成名。”子闻之,谓门弟子曰:“吾何执?执御乎
?执射乎?吾执御矣。”
达巷党这个地方有人说:“孔子真伟大啊!他学问渊博,因而不能以某一方面的专长来称赞他。
”孔子听说了,对他的学生说:“我要专长于哪个方面呢?驾车呢?还是射箭呢?我还是驾车吧
。”
9·3子曰:“麻冕,礼也;今也纯,俭,吾从众。拜下,礼也;今拜乎上,泰也。虽违众,吾
从下。”
孔子说:“用麻布制成的礼帽,符合于礼的规定。现在大家都用黑丝绸制作,这样比过去节省了
,我赞成大家的作法。(臣见国君)首先要在堂下跪拜,这也是符合于礼的。现在大家都到堂上
跪拜,这是骄纵的表现。虽然与大家的作法不一样,我还是主张先在堂下拜。”
9·4子绝四——毋意,毋必,毋固,毋我。
孔子杜绝了四种弊病:没有主观猜疑,没有定要实现的期望,没有固执己见之举,没有自私之心。
9·5子畏于匡,曰:“文王既没,文不在兹乎?天之将丧斯文也,后死者不得与于斯文也;天
之未丧斯文也,匡人其如予何?”
孔子被匡地的人们所围困时,他说:“周文王死了以后,周代的礼乐文化不都体现在我的身上吗
?上天如果想要消灭这种文化,那我就不可能掌握这种文化了;上天如果不消灭这种文化,那么
匡人又能把我怎么样呢?”
9·6太宰问于子贡曰:“夫子圣者与?何其多能也?”子贡曰:“固天纵之将圣,又多能也。
”子闻之,曰:“太宰知我乎?吾少也贱,故多能鄙事。君子多乎哉?不多也。”
太宰问子贡说:“孔夫子是位圣人吧?为什么这样多才多艺呢?”子贡说:“这本是上天让他成
为圣人,而且使他多才多艺。”孔子听到后说:“太宰怎么会了解我呢?我因为少年时地位低贱
,所以会许多卑贱的技艺。君子会有这么多的技艺吗?不会多的。”
9·7牢曰:“子云,‘吾不试,故艺’。”
子牢说:“孔子说过,‘我(年轻时)没有去做官,所以会许多技艺’。”
9·8子曰:“吾有知乎哉?无知也。有鄙夫问于我,空空如也。我叩其两端而竭焉。”
孔子说:“我有知识吗?其实没有知识。有一个乡下人问我,我对他谈的问题本来一点也不知道
。我只是从问题的两端去问,这样对此问题就可以全部搞清楚了。”
9·9子曰:“凤鸟不至,河不出图,吾已矣夫!”
孔子说:“凤鸟不来了,黄河中也不出现八卦图了。我这一生也就完了吧!”
9·10子见齐衰者,冕衣裳者与瞽者,见之,虽少,必作;过之,必趋。
孔子遇见穿丧服的人,当官的人和盲人时,虽然他们年轻,也一定要站起来,从他们面前经过时
,一定要快步走过。
9·11颜渊喟然叹曰:“仰之弥高,钻之弥坚,瞻之在前,忽焉在后。夫子循循然善诱人,博我
以文,约我以礼,欲罢不能。即竭吾才,如有所立卓尔。虽欲从之,末由也已。”
颜渊感叹地说:“(对于老师的学问与道德),我抬头仰望,越望越觉得高;我努力钻研,越钻
研越觉得不可穷尽。看着它好像在前面,忽然又像在后面。老师善于一步一步地诱导我,用各种
典籍来丰富我的知识,又用各种礼节来约束我的言行,使我想停止学习都不可能,直到我用尽了
我的全力。好像有一个十分高大的东西立在我前面,虽然我想要追随上去,却没有前进的路径了
。”
9·12子疾病,子路使门人为臣。病间,曰:“久矣哉,由之行诈也。无臣而为有臣。吾谁欺?
欺天乎?且予与其死于臣之手也,无宁死于二三子之手乎?且予纵不得大葬,予死于道路乎?”
孔子患了重病,子路派了(孔子的)门徒去作孔子的家臣,(负责料理后事,)后来,孔子的病
好了一些,他说:“仲由很久以来就干这种弄虚作假的事情。我明明没有家臣,却偏偏要装作有
家臣,我骗谁呢?我骗上天吧?与其在家臣的侍候下死去,我宁可在你们这些学生的侍候下死去
,这样不是更好吗?而且即使我不能以大夫之礼来安葬,难道就会被丢在路边没人埋吗?”
9·13子贡曰:“有美玉于斯,韫匵而藏诸?求善贾而沽诸?”子曰:“沽之哉,沽之哉!我待
贾者也。”
子贡说:“这里有一块美玉,是把它收藏在柜子里呢?还是找一个识货的商人卖掉呢?”孔子说
:“卖掉吧,卖掉吧!我正在等着识货的人呢。”
9·14子欲居九夷。或曰:“陋,如之何?”子曰:“君子居之,何陋之有?”
孔子想要搬到九夷地方去居住。有人说:“那里非常落后闭塞,不开化,怎么能住呢?”孔子说
:“有君子去位,就不闭塞落后了。”
9·15子曰:“吾自卫反鲁,然后乐正,雅颂各得其所。”
孔子说:“我从卫国返回到鲁国以后,乐才得到整理,雅乐和颂乐各有适当的安排。”
9·16子曰:“出则事公卿,入则事父兄,丧事不敢不勉,不为酒困,何有于我哉。”
孔子说:“在外事奉公卿,在家孝敬父兄,有丧事不敢不尽力去办,不被酒所困,这些事对我来
说有什么困难呢?”
9·17子在川上曰:“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜。”
孔子在河边说:“消逝的时光就像这河水一样啊,不分昼夜地向前流去。”
9·18子曰:“吾未见好德如好色者也。”
孔子说:“我没有见过像好色那样好德的人。”
9·19子曰:“譬如为山,未成一篑,止,吾止也;譬如平地,虽覆一篑,进,吾往也。
孔子说:“譬如用土堆山,只差一筐土就完成了,这时停下来,那是我自己要停下来的;譬如在
平地上堆山,虽然只倒下一筐,这时继续前进,那是我自己要前进的。”
9·20子曰:“语之而不惰者,其回也与!”
孔子说:“听我说话而能毫不懈怠的,只有颜回一个人吧!”
9·21子谓颜渊曰:“惜乎!吾见其进也,未见其止也。”
孔子对颜渊说:“可惜呀!我只见他不断前进,从来没有看见他停止过。”
9·22子曰:“苗而不秀者有矣夫;秀而不实者有矣夫!”
孔子说:“庄稼出了苗而不能吐穗扬花的情况是有的;吐穗扬花而不结果实的情况也有。”
9·23子曰:“后生可畏,焉知来者之不如今也?四十、五十而无闻焉,斯亦不足畏也已。”
孔子说:“年轻人是值得敬畏的,怎么就知道后一代不如前一代呢?如果到了四五十岁时还默默
无闻,那他就没有什么可以敬畏的了。”
9·24子曰:“法语之言,能无从乎?改之为贵。巽与之言,能无说乎?绎之为贵。说而不绎,
从而不改,吾末如之何也已矣。”
孔子说:“符合礼法的正言规劝,谁能不听从呢?但(只有按它来)改正自己的错误才是可贵的
。恭顺赞许的话,谁能听了不高兴呢?但只有认真推究它(的真伪是非),才是可贵的。只是高
兴而不去分析,只是表示听从而不改正错误,(对这样的人)我拿他实在是没有办法了。”
9·25子曰:“主忠信,毋友不如己者,过则勿惮改。”
孔子说:“要以忠信为主,不要同与自己不同道的人交朋友;有了过错,就不要怕改正。”
9·26子曰:“三军可夺帅也,匹夫不可夺志也。”
孔子说:“一国军队,可以夺去它的主帅;但一个男子汉,他的志向是不能强迫改变的。”
9·27子曰:“衣敝缊袍,与衣狐貉者立而不耻者,其由也与?‘不忮不求,何用不臧?’”子
路终身诵之。子曰:“是道也,何足以臧?”
孔子说:“穿着破旧的丝棉袍子,与穿着狐貉皮袍的人站在一起而不认为是可耻的,大概只有仲
由吧。(《诗经》上说:)‘不嫉妒,不贪求,为什么说不好呢?’”子路听后,反复背诵这句
诗。孔子又说:“只做到这样,怎么能说够好了呢?”
9·28子曰:“岁寒,然后知松柏之后彫后也。”
孔子说:“到了寒冷的季节,才知道松柏是最后凋谢的。”
9·29子曰:“知者不惑,仁者不忧,勇者不惧。”
孔子说:“聪明人不会迷惑,有仁德的人不会忧愁,勇敢的人不会畏惧。”
9·30子曰:“可与共学,未可与适道;可与适道,未可与立;可与立,未可与权。”
孔子说:“可以一起学习的人,未必都能学到道;能够学到道的人,未必能够坚守道;能够坚守
道的人,未必能够随机应变。”
9·31“唐棣之华,偏其反而。岂不尔思,室是远而。”子曰:“未之思也,夫何远之有?”
古代有一首诗这样写道:“唐棣的花朵啊,翩翩地摇摆。我岂能不想念你吗?只是由于家住的地
方太远了。”孔子说:“他还是没有真的想念,如果真的想念,有什么遥远呢?”