论语英译阳货篇
作者：古文学 时间：2017/12/17 16:29:30 阅读：次 类别：论语
ConfucianAnalects Chapter17
YangHowishedtoseeConfucius,butConfuciuswouldnotgotoseehim.Onthis,hesentapresentofapigtoConfucius,who,havingchosenatimewhenHowasnotathomewenttopayhisrespectsforthegift.Hemethim,however,ontheway.
HosaidtoConfucius,"Come,letmespeakwithyou."Hethenasked,"Canhebecalledbenevolentwhokeepshisjewelinhisbosom,andleaveshiscountrytoconfusion?"Confuciusreplied,"No.""Canhebecalledwise,whoisanxioustobeengagedinpublicemployment,andyetisconstantlylosingtheopportunityofbeingso?"Confuciusagainsaid,"No.""Thedaysandmonthsarepassingaway;theyearsdonotwaitforus."Confuciussaid,"Right;Iwillgointooffice."
TheMastersaid,"Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart."
TheMastersaid,"Thereareonlythewiseofthehighestclass,andthestupidofthelowestclass,whocannotbechanged."
TheMaster,havingcometoWu-ch‘ang,heardtherethesoundofstringedinstrumentsandsinging.
Wellpleasedandsmiling,hesaid,"Whyuseanoxknifetokillafowl?"
Tsze-yureplied,"Formerly,Master,Iheardyousay,-‘Whenthemanofhighstationiswellinstructed,helovesmen;whenthemanoflowstationiswellinstructed,heiseasilyruled.‘"
TheMastersaid,"Mydisciples,Yen‘swordsareright.WhatIsaidwasonlyinsport."
Kung-shanFu-zao,whenhewasholdingPi,andinanattitudeofrebellion,invitedtheMastertovisithim,whowasratherinclinedtogo.
Tsze-luwasdispleased.andsaid,"Indeed,youcannotgo!WhymustyouthinkofgoingtoseeKung-shan?"
TheMastersaid,"CanitbewithoutsomereasonthathehasinvitedME?Ifanyoneemployme,mayInotmakeaneasternChau?"
Tsze-changaskedConfuciusaboutperfectvirtue.Confuciussaid,"Tobeabletopracticefivethingseverywhereunderheavenconstitutesperfectvirtue."Hebeggedtoaskwhattheywere,andwastold,"Gravity,generosityofsoul,sincerity,earnestness,andkindness.Ifyouaregrave,youwillnotbetreatedwithdisrespect.Ifyouaregenerous,youwillwinall.Ifyouaresincere,peoplewillreposetrustinyou.Ifyouareearnest,youwillaccomplishmuch.Ifyouarekind,thiswillenableyoutoemploytheservicesofothers.
PiHsiinvitinghimtovisithim,theMasterwasinclinedtogo.Tsze-lusaid,"Master,formerlyIhaveheardyousay,‘Whenamanin
hisownpersonisguiltyofdoingevil,asuperiormanwillnotassociatewithhim.‘PiHsiisinrebellion,holdingpossessionofChung-mau;ifyougotohim,whatshallbesaid?"
TheMastersaid,"Yes,Ididusethesewords.Butisitnotsaid,that,ifathingbereallyhard,itmaybegroundwithoutbeingmadethin?Isitnotsaid,that,ifathingbereallywhite,itmaybesteepedinadarkfluidwithoutbeingmadeblack?
"AmIabittergourd?HowcanIbehungupoutofthewayofbeingeaten?"
TheMastersaid,"Yu,haveyouheardthesixwordstowhichareattachedsixbecloudings?"Yureplied,"Ihavenot."
"Sitdown,andIwilltellthemtoyou."Thereistheloveofbeingbenevolentwithouttheloveof
learning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoafoolishsimplicity.Thereistheloveofknowingwithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstodissipationofmind.Thereistheloveofbeingsincerewithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoaninjuriousdisregardofconsequences.Thereistheloveofstraightforwardnesswithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstorudeness.Thereistheloveofboldnesswithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoinsubordination.Thereistheloveoffirmnesswithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoextravagantconduct."
TheMastersaid,"Mychildren,whydoyounotstudytheBookofPoetry?
"TheOdesservetostimulatethemind."Theymaybeusedforpurposesofself-contemplation."Theyteachtheartofsociability."Theyshowhowtoregulatefeelingsofresentment."Fromthemyoulearnthemoreimmediatedutyofservingone‘s
father,andtheremoteroneofservingone‘sprince.
"Fromthemwebecomelargelyacquaintedwiththenamesofbirds,beasts,andplants."
TheMastersaidtoPo-yu,"DoyougiveyourselftotheChau-nanandtheShao-nan.ThemanwhohasnotstudiedtheChau-nanandtheShao-nanislikeonewhostandswithhisfacerightagainstawall.Ishenotso?"
TheMastersaid,"‘Itisaccordingtotherulesofpropriety,‘theysay.-‘Itisaccordingtotherulesofpropriety,‘theysay.Aregemsandsilkallthatismeantbypropriety?‘Itismusic,‘theysay.-‘Itismusic,‘theysay.Arehersanddrumsallthatismeantbymusic?"
TheMastersaid,"Hewhoputsonanappearanceofsternfirmness,whileinwardlyheisweak,islikeoneofthesmall,meanpeople;-yea,ishenotlikethethiefwhobreaksthrough,orclimbsover,awall?"
TheMastersaid,"Yourgood,carefulpeopleofthevillagesarethethievesofvirtue."
TheMastersaid,Totell,aswegoalong,whatwehaveheardontheway,istocastawayourvirtue."
TheMastersaid,"Therearethosemeancreatures!Howimpossibleitisalongwiththemtoserveone‘sprince!
"Whiletheyhavenotgottheiraims,theiranxietyishowtogetthem.Whentheyhavegotthem,theiranxietyislesttheyshouldlosethem.
"Whentheyareanxiouslestsuchthingsshouldbelost,thereisnothingtowhichtheywillnotproceed."
TheMastersaid,"Anciently,menhadthreefailings,whichnowperhapsarenottobefound.
"Thehigh-mindednessofantiquityshoweditselfinadisregardofsmallthings;thehigh-mindednessofthepresentdayshowsitselfinwildlicense.Thesterndignityofantiquityshoweditselfingravereserve;Thesterndignityofthepresentdayshowsitselfinquarrelsomeperverseness.Thestupidityofantiquityshoweditselfinstraightforwardness;thestupidityofthepresentdayshowsitselfinsheerdeceit."
TheMastersaid,"Finewordsandaninsinuatingappearanceareseldomassociatedwithvirtue."
TheMastersaid,"Ihatethemannerinwhichpurpletakesawaythelusterofvermilion.IhatethewayinwhichthesongsofChangconfoundthemusicoftheYa.Ihatethosewhowiththeirsharpmouthsoverthrowkingdomsandfamilies."
TheMastersaid,"Iwouldprefernotspeaking."Tsze-kungsaid,"Ifyou,Master,donotspeak,whatshallwe,yourdisciples,havetorecord?"
TheMastersaid,"DoesHeavenspeak?Thefourseasonspursuetheircourses,andallthingsarecontinuallybeingproduced,butdoesHeavensayanything?"
ZuPeiwishedtoseeConfucius,butConfuciusdeclined,onthegroundofbeingsick,toseehim.Whenthebearerofthismessagewentoutatthedoor,theMastertookhisluteandsangtoit,inorderthatPeimighthearhim.
TsaiWoaskedaboutthethreeyears‘mourningforparents,sayingthatoneyearwaslongenough.
"Ifthesuperiorman,"saidhe,"abstainsforthreeyearsfromtheobservancesofpropriety,thoseobservanceswillbequitelost.Ifforthreeyearsheabstainsfrommusic,musicwillberuined.Withinayeartheoldgrainisexhausted,andthenewgrainhassprungup,and,inprocuringfirebyfriction,wegothroughallthechangesofwoodforthatpurpose.Afteracompleteyear,themourningmaystop."
TheMastersaid,"Ifyouwere,afterayear,toeatgoodrice,andwearembroideredclothes,wouldyoufeelatease?""Ishould,"repliedWo.
TheMastersaid,"Ifyoucanfeelatease,doit.Butasuperiorman,duringthewholeperiodofmourning,doesnotenjoypleasantfoodwhichhemayeat,norderivepleasurefrommusicwhichhemayhear.Healsodoesnotfeelatease,ifheiscomfortablylodged.Thereforehedoesnotdowhatyoupropose.Butnowyoufeelateaseandmaydoit."
TsaiWothenwentout,andtheMastersaid,"ThisshowsYu‘swantofvirtue.Itisnottillachildisthreeyearsoldthatitisallowedtoleavethearmsofitsparents.Andthethreeyears‘mourningisuniversallyobservedthroughouttheempire.DidYuenjoythethreeyears‘loveofhisparents?"
TheMastersaid,"Hardisittodealwithwhowillstuffhimselfwithfoodthewholeday,withoutapplyinghismindtoanythinggood!Aretherenotgamestersandchessplayers?Tobeoneofthesewouldstillbebetterthandoingnothingatall."
Tsze-lusaid,"Doesthesuperiormanesteemvalor?"TheMastersaid,"Thesuperiormanholdsrighteousnesstobeofhighestimportance.Amaninasuperiorsituation,havingvalorwithoutrighteousness,willbeguiltyofinsubordination;oneofthelowerpeoplehavingvalorwithoutrighteousness,willcommitrobbery."
Tsze-kungsaid,"Hasthesuperiormanhishatredsalso?"TheMastersaid,"Hehashishatreds.Hehatesthosewhoproclaimtheevilofothers.Hehatesthemanwho,beinginalowstation,slandershissuperiors.Hehatesthosewhohavevalormerely,andareunobservantofpropriety.Hehatesthosewhoareforwardanddetermined,and,atthesametime,ofcontractedunderstanding."
TheMastertheninquired,"Ts‘ze,haveyoualsoyourhatreds?"Tsze-kungreplied,"Ihatethosewhopryoutmatters,andascribetheknowledgetotheirwisdom.Ihatethosewhoareonlynotmodest,andthinkthattheyarevalorous.Ihatethosewhomakeknownsecrets,andthinkthattheyarestraightforward."
TheMastersaid,"Ofallpeople,girlsandservantsarethemostdifficulttobehaveto.Ifyouarefamiliarwiththem,theylosetheirhumility.Ifyoumaintainareservetowardsthem,theyarediscontented."
TheMastersaid,"Whenamanatfortyistheobjectofdislike,hewillalwayscontinuewhatheis."
17·1阳货欲见孔子，孔子不见，归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也，而往拜之，遇诸涂。谓孔子曰：“来！予与尔言。”曰：“怀其宝而迷其邦，可谓仁乎？”曰：“不可。”“好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？”曰：“不可。”“日月逝矣，岁不我与。”孔子曰：“诺，吾将仕矣。”
阳货想见孔子，孔子不见，他便赠送给孔子一只熟小猪，想要孔子去拜见他。孔子打听到阳货不在家时，往阳货家拜谢，却在半路上遇见了。阳货对孔子说：“来，我有话要跟你说。”（孔子走过去。）阳货说：“把自己的本领藏起来而听任国家迷乱，这可以叫做仁吗？”（孔子回答）说：“不可以。”（阳货）说：“喜欢参与政事而又屡次错过机会，这可以说是智吗？”（孔子回答）说：“不可以。”（阳货）说：“时间一天天过去了，年岁是不等人的。”孔子说：“好吧，我将要去做官了。”
17·2子曰：“性相近也，习相远也。”
孔子说：“人的本性是相近的，由于习染不同才相互有了差别。”
17·3子曰：“唯上知与下愚不移。”
孔子说：“只有上等的智者与下等的愚者是改变不了的。”
17·4子之武城，闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑，曰：“割鸡焉用牛刀？”子游对曰：“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰：‘君子学道则爱人，小人学道则易使也。’”子曰：“二三子！偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。”
孔子到武城，听见弹琴唱歌的声音。孔子微笑着说：“杀鸡何必用宰牛的刀呢？”子游回答说：“以前我听先生说过，‘君子学习了礼乐就能爱人，小人学习了礼乐就容易指使。’”孔子说：“学生们，言偃的话是对的。我刚才说的话，只是开个玩笑而已。”
17·5公山弗扰以费畔，召，子欲往。子路不悦，曰：“末之也已，何必公山氏之之也。”子曰：“夫召我者，而岂徒哉？如有用我者，吾其为东周乎？”
公山弗扰据费邑反叛，来召孔子，孔子准备前去。子路不高兴地说：“没有地方去就算了，为什么一定要去公山弗扰那里呢？”孔子说：“他来召我，难道只是一句空话吗？如果有人用我，我就要在东方复兴周礼，建设一个东方的西周。”
17·6子张问仁于孔子。孔子曰：“能行五者于天下为仁矣。”“请问之。”曰：“恭、宽、信、敏、惠。恭则不侮，宽则得众，信则人任焉，敏则有功，惠则足以使人。”
子张向孔子问仁。孔子说：“能够处处实行五种品德。就是仁人了。”子张说：“请问哪五种。”孔子说：“庄重、宽厚、诚实、勤敏、慈惠。庄重就不致遭受侮辱，宽厚就会得到众人的拥护，诚信就能得到别人的任用，勤敏就会提高工作效率，慈惠就能够使唤人。”
17·7佛肸召，子欲往。子路曰：昔者由也闻诸夫子曰：‘亲于其身为不善者，君子不入也。’佛肸以中牟畔，子之往也，如之何？”子曰：“然，有是言也。不曰坚乎，磨而不磷；不曰白乎，涅而不缁。吾岂匏瓜也哉？焉能系而不食？”
佛肸召孔子去，孔子打算前往。子路说：“从前我听先生说过：‘亲自做坏事的人那里，君子是不去的。’现在佛肸据中牟反叛，你却要去，这如何解释呢？”孔子说：“是的，我有过这样的话。不是说坚硬的东西磨也磨不坏吗？不是说洁白的东西染也染不黑吗？我难道是个苦味的葫芦吗？怎么能只挂在那里而不给人吃呢？”
17·8子曰：“由也，女闻六言六蔽矣乎？”对曰：“未也。”“居，吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚；好知不好学，其蔽也荡；好信不好学，其蔽也贼；好直不好学，其蔽也绞；好勇不好学，其蔽也乱；好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。”
孔子说：“由呀，你听说过六种品德和六种弊病了吗？”子路回答说：“没有。”孔子说：“坐下，我告诉你。爱好仁德而不爱好学习，它的弊病是受人愚弄；爱好智慧而不爱好学习，它的弊病是行为放荡；爱好诚信而不爱好学习，它的弊病是危害亲人；爱好直率却不爱好学习，它的弊病是说话尖刻；爱好勇敢却不爱好学习，它的弊病是犯上作乱；爱好刚强却不爱好学习，它的弊病是狂妄自大。”
17·9子曰：“小子何莫学夫诗。诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。”
孔子说：“学生们为什么不学习《诗》呢？学《诗》可以激发志气，可以观察天地万物及人间的盛衰与得失，可以使人懂得合群的必要，可以使人懂得怎样去讽谏上级。近可以用来事奉父母，远可以事奉君主；还可以多知道一些鸟兽草木的名字。”
17·10子谓伯鱼曰：“女为《周南》、《召南》矣乎？人而不为《周南》、《召南》，其犹正墙面而立也与？”
孔子对伯鱼说：“你学习《周南》、《召南》了吗？一个人如果不学习《周南》、《召南》，那就像面对墙壁而站着吧？”
17·11子曰：“礼云礼云，玉帛云乎哉？乐云乐云，钟鼓云乎哉？”
孔子说：“礼呀礼呀，只是说的玉帛之类的礼器吗？乐呀乐呀，只是说的钟鼓之类的乐器吗？”
17·12子曰：“色厉而内荏，譬诸小人，其犹穿窬之盗也与？”
孔子说：“外表严厉而内心虚弱，以小人作比喻，就像是挖墙洞的小偷吧？”
17·13子曰：“乡愿，德之贼也。”
孔子说：“没有道德修养的伪君子，就是破坏道德的人。”
17·14子曰：“道听而涂说，德之弃也。”
孔子说：“在路上听到传言就到处去传播，这是道德所唾弃的。”
17·15子曰：“鄙夫可与事君也与哉？其未得之也，患得之。既得之，患失之。苟患失之，无所不至矣。”
孔子说：“可以和一个鄙夫一起事奉君主吗？他在没有得到官位时，总担心得不到。已经得到了，又怕失去它。如果他担心失掉官职，那他就什么事都干得出来了。”
17·16子曰：“古者民有三疾，今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆，今之狂也荡；古之矜也廉，今之矜也忿戾；古之愚也直，今之愚也诈而已矣。”
孔子说：“古代人有三种毛病，现在恐怕连这三种毛病也不是原来的样子了。古代的狂者不过是愿望太高，而现在的狂妄者却是放荡不羁；古代骄傲的人不过是难以接近，现在那些骄傲的人却是凶恶蛮横；古代愚笨的人不过是直率一些，现在的愚笨者却是欺诈啊！”
17·17子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。”
孔子说：“花言巧语，装出和颜悦色的样子，这种人的仁心就很少了。”
17·18子曰：“恶紫之夺朱也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。”
孔子说：“我厌恶用紫色取代红色，厌恶用郑国的声乐扰乱雅乐，厌恶用伶牙利齿而颠覆国家这样的事情。”
17·19子曰：“予欲无言。”子贡曰：“子如不言，则小子何述焉？”子曰：“天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？”
孔子说：“我想不说话了。”子贡说：“你如果不说话，那么我们这些学生还传述什么呢？”孔子说：“天何尝说话呢？四季照常运行，百物照样生长。天说了什么话呢？”
17·20孺悲欲见孔子，孔子辞以疾。将命者出户，取瑟而歌，使之闻之。
孺悲想见孔子，孔子以有病为由推辞不见。传话的人刚出门，（孔子）便取来瑟边弹边唱，（有意）让孺悲听到。
17·21宰我问：“三年之丧，期已久矣。君子三年不为礼，礼必坏；三年不为乐，乐必崩。旧谷既没，新谷既升，钻燧改火，期可已矣。”子曰：“食夫稻，衣夫锦，于女安乎？”曰：“安。”“女安则为之。夫君子之居丧，食旨不甘，闻乐不乐，居处不安，故不为也。今女安，则为之！”宰我出，子曰：“予之不仁也！子生三年，然后免于父母之怀，夫三年之丧，天下之通丧也。予也有三年之爱于其父母乎？”
宰我问：“服丧三年，时间太长了。君子三年不讲究礼仪，礼仪必然败坏；三年不演奏音乐，音乐就会荒废。旧谷吃完，新谷登场，钻燧取火的木头轮过了一遍，有一年的时间就可以了。”孔子说：“（才一年的时间，）你就吃开了大米饭，穿起了锦缎衣，你心安吗？”宰我说：“我心安。”孔子说：“你心安，你就那样去做吧！君子守丧，吃美味不觉得香甜，听音乐不觉得快乐，住在家里不觉得舒服，所以不那样做。如今你既觉得心安，你就那样去做吧！”宰我出去后，孔子说：“宰予真是不仁啊！小孩生下来，到三岁时才能离开父母的怀抱。服丧三年，这是天下通行的丧礼。难道宰子对他的父母没有三年的爱吗？”
17·22子路曰：“饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉！不有博奕者乎？为之，犹贤乎已。”
孔子说：“整天吃饱了饭，什么心思也不用，真太难了！不是还有玩博和下棋的游戏吗？干这个，也比闲着好。”
17·23子路曰：“君子尚勇乎？”子曰：“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱，小人有勇而无义为盗。”
子路说：“君子崇尚勇敢吗？”孔子答道：“君子以义作为最高尚的品德，君子有勇无义就会作乱，小人有勇无义就会偷盗。”
17·24子贡曰：“君子亦有恶乎？”子曰：“有恶。恶称人之恶者，恶居下流而讪上者，恶勇而无礼者，恶果敢而窒者。”曰：“赐也亦有恶乎？”“恶徼以为知者，恶不孙以为勇者，恶讦以为直者。”
子贡说：“君子也有厌恶的事吗？”孔子说：“有厌恶的事。厌恶宣扬别人坏处的人，厌恶身居下位而诽谤在上者的人，厌恶勇敢而不懂礼节的人，厌恶固执而又不通事理的人。”孔子又说：“赐，你也有厌恶的事吗？”子贡说：“厌恶偷袭别人的成绩而作为自己的知识的人，厌恶把不谦虚当做勇敢的人，厌恶揭发别人的隐私而自以为直率的人。”
17·25子曰：“唯女子与小人为难养也，近之则不孙，远之则怨。”
孔子说：“只有女子和小人是难以教养的，亲近他们，他们就会无礼，疏远他们，他们就会报怨。”
17·26子曰：“年四十而见恶焉，其终也已。”
孔子说：“到了四十岁的时候还被人所厌恶，他这一生也就终结了。”
YangHowishedtoseeConfucius,butConfuciuswouldnotgotoseehim.Onthis,hesentapresentofapigtoConfucius,who,havingchosenatimewhenHowasnotathomewenttopayhisrespectsforthegift.Hemethim,however,ontheway.
HosaidtoConfucius,"Come,letmespeakwithyou."Hethenasked,"Canhebecalledbenevolentwhokeepshisjewelinhisbosom,andleaveshiscountrytoconfusion?"Confuciusreplied,"No.""Canhebecalledwise,whoisanxioustobeengagedinpublicemployment,andyetisconstantlylosingtheopportunityofbeingso?"Confuciusagainsaid,"No.""Thedaysandmonthsarepassingaway;theyearsdonotwaitforus."Confuciussaid,"Right;Iwillgointooffice."
TheMastersaid,"Bynature,menarenearlyalike;bypractice,theygettobewideapart."
TheMastersaid,"Thereareonlythewiseofthehighestclass,andthestupidofthelowestclass,whocannotbechanged."
TheMaster,havingcometoWu-ch‘ang,heardtherethesoundofstringedinstrumentsandsinging.
Wellpleasedandsmiling,hesaid,"Whyuseanoxknifetokillafowl?"
Tsze-yureplied,"Formerly,Master,Iheardyousay,-‘Whenthemanofhighstationiswellinstructed,helovesmen;whenthemanoflowstationiswellinstructed,heiseasilyruled.‘"
TheMastersaid,"Mydisciples,Yen‘swordsareright.WhatIsaidwasonlyinsport."
Kung-shanFu-zao,whenhewasholdingPi,andinanattitudeofrebellion,invitedtheMastertovisithim,whowasratherinclinedtogo.
Tsze-luwasdispleased.andsaid,"Indeed,youcannotgo!WhymustyouthinkofgoingtoseeKung-shan?"
TheMastersaid,"CanitbewithoutsomereasonthathehasinvitedME?Ifanyoneemployme,mayInotmakeaneasternChau?"
Tsze-changaskedConfuciusaboutperfectvirtue.Confuciussaid,"Tobeabletopracticefivethingseverywhereunderheavenconstitutesperfectvirtue."Hebeggedtoaskwhattheywere,andwastold,"Gravity,generosityofsoul,sincerity,earnestness,andkindness.Ifyouaregrave,youwillnotbetreatedwithdisrespect.Ifyouaregenerous,youwillwinall.Ifyouaresincere,peoplewillreposetrustinyou.Ifyouareearnest,youwillaccomplishmuch.Ifyouarekind,thiswillenableyoutoemploytheservicesofothers.
PiHsiinvitinghimtovisithim,theMasterwasinclinedtogo.Tsze-lusaid,"Master,formerlyIhaveheardyousay,‘Whenamanin
hisownpersonisguiltyofdoingevil,asuperiormanwillnotassociatewithhim.‘PiHsiisinrebellion,holdingpossessionofChung-mau;ifyougotohim,whatshallbesaid?"
TheMastersaid,"Yes,Ididusethesewords.Butisitnotsaid,that,ifathingbereallyhard,itmaybegroundwithoutbeingmadethin?Isitnotsaid,that,ifathingbereallywhite,itmaybesteepedinadarkfluidwithoutbeingmadeblack?
"AmIabittergourd?HowcanIbehungupoutofthewayofbeingeaten?"
TheMastersaid,"Yu,haveyouheardthesixwordstowhichareattachedsixbecloudings?"Yureplied,"Ihavenot."
"Sitdown,andIwilltellthemtoyou."Thereistheloveofbeingbenevolentwithouttheloveof
learning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoafoolishsimplicity.Thereistheloveofknowingwithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstodissipationofmind.Thereistheloveofbeingsincerewithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoaninjuriousdisregardofconsequences.Thereistheloveofstraightforwardnesswithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstorudeness.Thereistheloveofboldnesswithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoinsubordination.Thereistheloveoffirmnesswithouttheloveoflearning;-thebecloudinghereleadstoextravagantconduct."
TheMastersaid,"Mychildren,whydoyounotstudytheBookofPoetry?
"TheOdesservetostimulatethemind."Theymaybeusedforpurposesofself-contemplation."Theyteachtheartofsociability."Theyshowhowtoregulatefeelingsofresentment."Fromthemyoulearnthemoreimmediatedutyofservingone‘s
father,andtheremoteroneofservingone‘sprince.
"Fromthemwebecomelargelyacquaintedwiththenamesofbirds,beasts,andplants."
TheMastersaidtoPo-yu,"DoyougiveyourselftotheChau-nanandtheShao-nan.ThemanwhohasnotstudiedtheChau-nanandtheShao-nanislikeonewhostandswithhisfacerightagainstawall.Ishenotso?"
TheMastersaid,"‘Itisaccordingtotherulesofpropriety,‘theysay.-‘Itisaccordingtotherulesofpropriety,‘theysay.Aregemsandsilkallthatismeantbypropriety?‘Itismusic,‘theysay.-‘Itismusic,‘theysay.Arehersanddrumsallthatismeantbymusic?"
TheMastersaid,"Hewhoputsonanappearanceofsternfirmness,whileinwardlyheisweak,islikeoneofthesmall,meanpeople;-yea,ishenotlikethethiefwhobreaksthrough,orclimbsover,awall?"
TheMastersaid,"Yourgood,carefulpeopleofthevillagesarethethievesofvirtue."
TheMastersaid,Totell,aswegoalong,whatwehaveheardontheway,istocastawayourvirtue."
TheMastersaid,"Therearethosemeancreatures!Howimpossibleitisalongwiththemtoserveone‘sprince!
"Whiletheyhavenotgottheiraims,theiranxietyishowtogetthem.Whentheyhavegotthem,theiranxietyislesttheyshouldlosethem.
"Whentheyareanxiouslestsuchthingsshouldbelost,thereisnothingtowhichtheywillnotproceed."
TheMastersaid,"Anciently,menhadthreefailings,whichnowperhapsarenottobefound.
"Thehigh-mindednessofantiquityshoweditselfinadisregardofsmallthings;thehigh-mindednessofthepresentdayshowsitselfinwildlicense.Thesterndignityofantiquityshoweditselfingravereserve;Thesterndignityofthepresentdayshowsitselfinquarrelsomeperverseness.Thestupidityofantiquityshoweditselfinstraightforwardness;thestupidityofthepresentdayshowsitselfinsheerdeceit."
TheMastersaid,"Finewordsandaninsinuatingappearanceareseldomassociatedwithvirtue."
TheMastersaid,"Ihatethemannerinwhichpurpletakesawaythelusterofvermilion.IhatethewayinwhichthesongsofChangconfoundthemusicoftheYa.Ihatethosewhowiththeirsharpmouthsoverthrowkingdomsandfamilies."
TheMastersaid,"Iwouldprefernotspeaking."Tsze-kungsaid,"Ifyou,Master,donotspeak,whatshallwe,yourdisciples,havetorecord?"
TheMastersaid,"DoesHeavenspeak?Thefourseasonspursuetheircourses,andallthingsarecontinuallybeingproduced,butdoesHeavensayanything?"
ZuPeiwishedtoseeConfucius,butConfuciusdeclined,onthegroundofbeingsick,toseehim.Whenthebearerofthismessagewentoutatthedoor,theMastertookhisluteandsangtoit,inorderthatPeimighthearhim.
TsaiWoaskedaboutthethreeyears‘mourningforparents,sayingthatoneyearwaslongenough.
"Ifthesuperiorman,"saidhe,"abstainsforthreeyearsfromtheobservancesofpropriety,thoseobservanceswillbequitelost.Ifforthreeyearsheabstainsfrommusic,musicwillberuined.Withinayeartheoldgrainisexhausted,andthenewgrainhassprungup,and,inprocuringfirebyfriction,wegothroughallthechangesofwoodforthatpurpose.Afteracompleteyear,themourningmaystop."
TheMastersaid,"Ifyouwere,afterayear,toeatgoodrice,andwearembroideredclothes,wouldyoufeelatease?""Ishould,"repliedWo.
TheMastersaid,"Ifyoucanfeelatease,doit.Butasuperiorman,duringthewholeperiodofmourning,doesnotenjoypleasantfoodwhichhemayeat,norderivepleasurefrommusicwhichhemayhear.Healsodoesnotfeelatease,ifheiscomfortablylodged.Thereforehedoesnotdowhatyoupropose.Butnowyoufeelateaseandmaydoit."
TsaiWothenwentout,andtheMastersaid,"ThisshowsYu‘swantofvirtue.Itisnottillachildisthreeyearsoldthatitisallowedtoleavethearmsofitsparents.Andthethreeyears‘mourningisuniversallyobservedthroughouttheempire.DidYuenjoythethreeyears‘loveofhisparents?"
TheMastersaid,"Hardisittodealwithwhowillstuffhimselfwithfoodthewholeday,withoutapplyinghismindtoanythinggood!Aretherenotgamestersandchessplayers?Tobeoneofthesewouldstillbebetterthandoingnothingatall."
Tsze-lusaid,"Doesthesuperiormanesteemvalor?"TheMastersaid,"Thesuperiormanholdsrighteousnesstobeofhighestimportance.Amaninasuperiorsituation,havingvalorwithoutrighteousness,willbeguiltyofinsubordination;oneofthelowerpeoplehavingvalorwithoutrighteousness,willcommitrobbery."
Tsze-kungsaid,"Hasthesuperiormanhishatredsalso?"TheMastersaid,"Hehashishatreds.Hehatesthosewhoproclaimtheevilofothers.Hehatesthemanwho,beinginalowstation,slandershissuperiors.Hehatesthosewhohavevalormerely,andareunobservantofpropriety.Hehatesthosewhoareforwardanddetermined,and,atthesametime,ofcontractedunderstanding."
TheMastertheninquired,"Ts‘ze,haveyoualsoyourhatreds?"Tsze-kungreplied,"Ihatethosewhopryoutmatters,andascribetheknowledgetotheirwisdom.Ihatethosewhoareonlynotmodest,andthinkthattheyarevalorous.Ihatethosewhomakeknownsecrets,andthinkthattheyarestraightforward."
TheMastersaid,"Ofallpeople,girlsandservantsarethemostdifficulttobehaveto.Ifyouarefamiliarwiththem,theylosetheirhumility.Ifyoumaintainareservetowardsthem,theyarediscontented."
TheMastersaid,"Whenamanatfortyistheobjectofdislike,hewillalwayscontinuewhatheis."
17·1阳货欲见孔子，孔子不见，归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也，而往拜之，遇诸涂。谓孔子曰：“来！予与尔言。”曰：“怀其宝而迷其邦，可谓仁乎？”曰：“不可。”“好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？”曰：“不可。”“日月逝矣，岁不我与。”孔子曰：“诺，吾将仕矣。”
阳货想见孔子，孔子不见，他便赠送给孔子一只熟小猪，想要孔子去拜见他。孔子打听到阳货不在家时，往阳货家拜谢，却在半路上遇见了。阳货对孔子说：“来，我有话要跟你说。”（孔子走过去。）阳货说：“把自己的本领藏起来而听任国家迷乱，这可以叫做仁吗？”（孔子回答）说：“不可以。”（阳货）说：“喜欢参与政事而又屡次错过机会，这可以说是智吗？”（孔子回答）说：“不可以。”（阳货）说：“时间一天天过去了，年岁是不等人的。”孔子说：“好吧，我将要去做官了。”
17·2子曰：“性相近也，习相远也。”
孔子说：“人的本性是相近的，由于习染不同才相互有了差别。”
17·3子曰：“唯上知与下愚不移。”
孔子说：“只有上等的智者与下等的愚者是改变不了的。”
17·4子之武城，闻弦歌之声。夫子莞尔而笑，曰：“割鸡焉用牛刀？”子游对曰：“昔者偃也闻诸夫子曰：‘君子学道则爱人，小人学道则易使也。’”子曰：“二三子！偃之言是也。前言戏之耳。”
孔子到武城，听见弹琴唱歌的声音。孔子微笑着说：“杀鸡何必用宰牛的刀呢？”子游回答说：“以前我听先生说过，‘君子学习了礼乐就能爱人，小人学习了礼乐就容易指使。’”孔子说：“学生们，言偃的话是对的。我刚才说的话，只是开个玩笑而已。”
17·5公山弗扰以费畔，召，子欲往。子路不悦，曰：“末之也已，何必公山氏之之也。”子曰：“夫召我者，而岂徒哉？如有用我者，吾其为东周乎？”
公山弗扰据费邑反叛，来召孔子，孔子准备前去。子路不高兴地说：“没有地方去就算了，为什么一定要去公山弗扰那里呢？”孔子说：“他来召我，难道只是一句空话吗？如果有人用我，我就要在东方复兴周礼，建设一个东方的西周。”
17·6子张问仁于孔子。孔子曰：“能行五者于天下为仁矣。”“请问之。”曰：“恭、宽、信、敏、惠。恭则不侮，宽则得众，信则人任焉，敏则有功，惠则足以使人。”
子张向孔子问仁。孔子说：“能够处处实行五种品德。就是仁人了。”子张说：“请问哪五种。”孔子说：“庄重、宽厚、诚实、勤敏、慈惠。庄重就不致遭受侮辱，宽厚就会得到众人的拥护，诚信就能得到别人的任用，勤敏就会提高工作效率，慈惠就能够使唤人。”
17·7佛肸召，子欲往。子路曰：昔者由也闻诸夫子曰：‘亲于其身为不善者，君子不入也。’佛肸以中牟畔，子之往也，如之何？”子曰：“然，有是言也。不曰坚乎，磨而不磷；不曰白乎，涅而不缁。吾岂匏瓜也哉？焉能系而不食？”
佛肸召孔子去，孔子打算前往。子路说：“从前我听先生说过：‘亲自做坏事的人那里，君子是不去的。’现在佛肸据中牟反叛，你却要去，这如何解释呢？”孔子说：“是的，我有过这样的话。不是说坚硬的东西磨也磨不坏吗？不是说洁白的东西染也染不黑吗？我难道是个苦味的葫芦吗？怎么能只挂在那里而不给人吃呢？”
17·8子曰：“由也，女闻六言六蔽矣乎？”对曰：“未也。”“居，吾语女。好仁不好学，其蔽也愚；好知不好学，其蔽也荡；好信不好学，其蔽也贼；好直不好学，其蔽也绞；好勇不好学，其蔽也乱；好刚不好学，其蔽也狂。”
孔子说：“由呀，你听说过六种品德和六种弊病了吗？”子路回答说：“没有。”孔子说：“坐下，我告诉你。爱好仁德而不爱好学习，它的弊病是受人愚弄；爱好智慧而不爱好学习，它的弊病是行为放荡；爱好诚信而不爱好学习，它的弊病是危害亲人；爱好直率却不爱好学习，它的弊病是说话尖刻；爱好勇敢却不爱好学习，它的弊病是犯上作乱；爱好刚强却不爱好学习，它的弊病是狂妄自大。”
17·9子曰：“小子何莫学夫诗。诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。”
孔子说：“学生们为什么不学习《诗》呢？学《诗》可以激发志气，可以观察天地万物及人间的盛衰与得失，可以使人懂得合群的必要，可以使人懂得怎样去讽谏上级。近可以用来事奉父母，远可以事奉君主；还可以多知道一些鸟兽草木的名字。”
17·10子谓伯鱼曰：“女为《周南》、《召南》矣乎？人而不为《周南》、《召南》，其犹正墙面而立也与？”
孔子对伯鱼说：“你学习《周南》、《召南》了吗？一个人如果不学习《周南》、《召南》，那就像面对墙壁而站着吧？”
17·11子曰：“礼云礼云，玉帛云乎哉？乐云乐云，钟鼓云乎哉？”
孔子说：“礼呀礼呀，只是说的玉帛之类的礼器吗？乐呀乐呀，只是说的钟鼓之类的乐器吗？”
17·12子曰：“色厉而内荏，譬诸小人，其犹穿窬之盗也与？”
孔子说：“外表严厉而内心虚弱，以小人作比喻，就像是挖墙洞的小偷吧？”
17·13子曰：“乡愿，德之贼也。”
孔子说：“没有道德修养的伪君子，就是破坏道德的人。”
17·14子曰：“道听而涂说，德之弃也。”
孔子说：“在路上听到传言就到处去传播，这是道德所唾弃的。”
17·15子曰：“鄙夫可与事君也与哉？其未得之也，患得之。既得之，患失之。苟患失之，无所不至矣。”
孔子说：“可以和一个鄙夫一起事奉君主吗？他在没有得到官位时，总担心得不到。已经得到了，又怕失去它。如果他担心失掉官职，那他就什么事都干得出来了。”
17·16子曰：“古者民有三疾，今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆，今之狂也荡；古之矜也廉，今之矜也忿戾；古之愚也直，今之愚也诈而已矣。”
孔子说：“古代人有三种毛病，现在恐怕连这三种毛病也不是原来的样子了。古代的狂者不过是愿望太高，而现在的狂妄者却是放荡不羁；古代骄傲的人不过是难以接近，现在那些骄傲的人却是凶恶蛮横；古代愚笨的人不过是直率一些，现在的愚笨者却是欺诈啊！”
17·17子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。”
孔子说：“花言巧语，装出和颜悦色的样子，这种人的仁心就很少了。”
17·18子曰：“恶紫之夺朱也，恶郑声之乱雅乐也，恶利口之覆邦家者。”
孔子说：“我厌恶用紫色取代红色，厌恶用郑国的声乐扰乱雅乐，厌恶用伶牙利齿而颠覆国家这样的事情。”
17·19子曰：“予欲无言。”子贡曰：“子如不言，则小子何述焉？”子曰：“天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？”
孔子说：“我想不说话了。”子贡说：“你如果不说话，那么我们这些学生还传述什么呢？”孔子说：“天何尝说话呢？四季照常运行，百物照样生长。天说了什么话呢？”
17·20孺悲欲见孔子，孔子辞以疾。将命者出户，取瑟而歌，使之闻之。
孺悲想见孔子，孔子以有病为由推辞不见。传话的人刚出门，（孔子）便取来瑟边弹边唱，（有意）让孺悲听到。
17·21宰我问：“三年之丧，期已久矣。君子三年不为礼，礼必坏；三年不为乐，乐必崩。旧谷既没，新谷既升，钻燧改火，期可已矣。”子曰：“食夫稻，衣夫锦，于女安乎？”曰：“安。”“女安则为之。夫君子之居丧，食旨不甘，闻乐不乐，居处不安，故不为也。今女安，则为之！”宰我出，子曰：“予之不仁也！子生三年，然后免于父母之怀，夫三年之丧，天下之通丧也。予也有三年之爱于其父母乎？”
宰我问：“服丧三年，时间太长了。君子三年不讲究礼仪，礼仪必然败坏；三年不演奏音乐，音乐就会荒废。旧谷吃完，新谷登场，钻燧取火的木头轮过了一遍，有一年的时间就可以了。”孔子说：“（才一年的时间，）你就吃开了大米饭，穿起了锦缎衣，你心安吗？”宰我说：“我心安。”孔子说：“你心安，你就那样去做吧！君子守丧，吃美味不觉得香甜，听音乐不觉得快乐，住在家里不觉得舒服，所以不那样做。如今你既觉得心安，你就那样去做吧！”宰我出去后，孔子说：“宰予真是不仁啊！小孩生下来，到三岁时才能离开父母的怀抱。服丧三年，这是天下通行的丧礼。难道宰子对他的父母没有三年的爱吗？”
17·22子路曰：“饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉！不有博奕者乎？为之，犹贤乎已。”
孔子说：“整天吃饱了饭，什么心思也不用，真太难了！不是还有玩博和下棋的游戏吗？干这个，也比闲着好。”
17·23子路曰：“君子尚勇乎？”子曰：“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱，小人有勇而无义为盗。”
子路说：“君子崇尚勇敢吗？”孔子答道：“君子以义作为最高尚的品德，君子有勇无义就会作乱，小人有勇无义就会偷盗。”
17·24子贡曰：“君子亦有恶乎？”子曰：“有恶。恶称人之恶者，恶居下流而讪上者，恶勇而无礼者，恶果敢而窒者。”曰：“赐也亦有恶乎？”“恶徼以为知者，恶不孙以为勇者，恶讦以为直者。”
子贡说：“君子也有厌恶的事吗？”孔子说：“有厌恶的事。厌恶宣扬别人坏处的人，厌恶身居下位而诽谤在上者的人，厌恶勇敢而不懂礼节的人，厌恶固执而又不通事理的人。”孔子又说：“赐，你也有厌恶的事吗？”子贡说：“厌恶偷袭别人的成绩而作为自己的知识的人，厌恶把不谦虚当做勇敢的人，厌恶揭发别人的隐私而自以为直率的人。”
17·25子曰：“唯女子与小人为难养也，近之则不孙，远之则怨。”
孔子说：“只有女子和小人是难以教养的，亲近他们，他们就会无礼，疏远他们，他们就会报怨。”
17·26子曰：“年四十而见恶焉，其终也已。”
孔子说：“到了四十岁的时候还被人所厌恶，他这一生也就终结了。”