名人传记 贝多芬
作者:古文学 时间:2017/12/18 10:59:58 阅读:次 类别:名人故事
我沉醉在音乐中—贝多芬
ILIVEENTIRELYINMYMUSIC—BEETHOVEN
Beethovenprobablybegantogodeafafterwhathecalledhis‘terribletyphus’of1797,buthetriedtokeepitasecret,whileconsultingdoctorsandtryingvariousremedies,suchastheapplicationofalmondoil.Hewasextremelyanxiousaboutitspossibleeffectonhiscareerasamusician,andembarrassedbyitseffectonhissociallife.
Inthesummerof1801hewrotetotowfriends.ToFranzWegelerinBonnhewrotethathewasverybusy,withmorecommissionsthanhecouldcopewith,andpublisherscompetingtogetholdofhislatestworks,buthewasworriedabouthishealth,andparticularlyabouthisgraduallossofhearing.Hehadbeenleadingamiserablelifefortheprevioustwoyearsbecauseofhisdeafness,andhadavoidedhumancompanybecausehefoundithardtotellpeoplethathewasdeaf.Hewouldalwayssay,“Iliveentirelyinmymusic.”
TwodayslaterhewrotetoKarlAmenda,amorerecentfriend.Onthesamelines,expressingtheanxietythathisbestyearswouldpass“withoutmybeingabletoachieveallthatmytalentandmystrengthhavecommandedmetodo.”Hisfearthathisdeafnesswouldpreventhimfromrealizinghisartisticpotentialledhimtocontemplatetakinghisownartisticlife,butintheso-called‘HeiligenstadtTestament’,addressedtohisbrothersandfoundamonghispapersafterhisdeath,whichhewroteinthedepthsofdespairinOctober1802,hesaidthathehadrejectedsuicide,andwasresignedtohiscondition.Heexplainedthathisdeafnesswasthereasonwhyhehadbeenwithdrawingfrompeople’scompany,becausehefounditsohumiliatingnotbeingabletohear,buthedidnotwanttotellpeopleaboutit.Althoughtemptedtokillhimself,“theonlythingthatheldmebackwasmyart.ForindeeditseemedtomeimpossibletoleavethisworldbeforeIhadproducedalltheworksthatIfelttheurgetocompose.”
Duringthesummerof1802hehadspentsixmonthsinHeiligenstadt,thirteenmilesoutsideVienna,ontheadviceofoneofhisdoctorswhothoughtthathishearingmightimproveinthepeaceandquietawayfromVienna.Buthispupil,FerdinandRies(sonoftheleaderoftheBonncourtorchestra)visitedhiminthesummer,andduringawalkinthesummer,andduringawalkinthewoodspointedoutofaneldertwig.Beethovencouldnothearit,andthismadehimverymorose,Asthewinterapproachedherealizedthathishearingwasnobetter,andthatitwaslikelytogetworse,andhemightenduptotallydeaf.
ItcouldbearguedthatBeethoven’sdeafnesshelpedthedevelopmentofhisart:isolatedfromtheworld,andunabletoperform,hecoulddevoteallhistimetocomposing,Hewasalreadycomposinglessatthepiano,andthefirstofhisboundsketchbooks,inwhichhemadedetaileddraftsoftheworksinprogress.Datefrom1798.Inhispanic,atthebeginning,Beethovenmayhavebelievedhimselftobedeaf.Hesufferedfromtinnitus(hummingandbuzzingintheears),andloudnoisescausedhimpain.In1804hisfriendStephanvonBreuning,withwhomhebrieflysharedlodgings,wrotetoFranzWeglerabouttheterribleeffecthisgraduallossofhearingwashavingonBeethoven:ithadcausedhimtodistrusthisfriends,andhewasbecomingverydifficulttobewith.ButBeethovendidnotstartusinganeartrumpetuntil1814.
Butaboveallelse,Beethovenwasdedicatedtohisartandtheurgetocomposeremainedwithhimthroughouthislife.Itmaybethatheshieldedawayformthecommitmentofmarriagebecauseheknewitwouldinterferewithhisart.Fromaveryearlyagehewantedtocomposeand,althoughheneededtoearnaliving,hewrote‘Ilovemyarttoodearlytobeactivatedsolelybyself-interest.’
贝多芬开始失聪大概是在1797年,在染上他称为“可怕的斑疹伤寒”后,但他想尽量保密,同时去看医生并试了各种疗法,如使用杏仁油。作为一名音乐家,这对他的事业所可能产生的影响使他感到极度忧虑,同时这对他社会生活的影响邮局是令他十分难堪的。
1801年夏他致信给两位朋友。在给波恩的弗朗茨·韦格勒的信中他说他很忙,创作疲于应付,出版商争着要得到他的新作,但是他担心自己的身体,特别是担心听觉渐渐在丧失。在前两年由于他的失聪,生活开始变得痛苦,同时他避免与他人在一起,因为他不愿告诉别人他聋了。他常常说,“我完全沉醉在音乐中。”
两天后他写信给卡尔·阿曼达,一位新结识的朋友,在同样的字里行间,他表示他担心自己的黄金岁月将在“我没有凭才能和力量取得我应得的成就”中度过去时。他担心失聪会使他无法发挥艺术潜力能,这样想法导致他去考虑结束自己的艺术生命,但是1802年10月,他在极度绝望中写给弟兄们的所谓“海黎詹斯登遗嘱”里说,他已放弃自杀的念头,愿意顺其自然,这是他死后在他的书稿中找到的。他解释说耳聋是他远离众人的原由,因为他觉得失去听力是非常丢人的,可他又不想被别人知道。尽管他想自杀,“唯一能阻止我的是我的艺术。说真的在我没有把我觉得立即该谱的曲子都创作出来之前,我不能离开这个世界。
1802年夏,他已在距维也纳十三英里的海黎詹斯登度过了六个月,这是按照他的一名医生的建议,认为呆在维也纳郊外平静的地方有助于他听力的恢复。但他的学生斐迪南·雷斯(波恩宫廷乐队头头的儿子)那年夏天去拜访他,并一起在树林里散步时,他指着一个正用稍稍长成的树枝做的笛子吹奏的牧羊人。贝多芬却听不到,这使他非常郁闷。到了那年冬天,他意识到他的听觉不但不见好转,而且我可能每况愈下,以至彻底失聪。
有人说贝多芬的失聪帮他提高了他的艺术:与世界隔绝,无法演出,他得以全身心地投入创作。他创作的钢琴曲本已越来越少,在他装帧过的概要手册的第一册中,他详细地做了从1798年起的作品计划纲要。他一开始,忐忑不安的贝多芬就认为自己多半会变聋,他饱受耳鸣的痛苦(耳朵里嗡嗡作响),巨大的嗓音使他痛苦不堪。1804年,他的朋友斯蒂文·冯·勃鲁宁曾与他共同住过一段时间,这位朋友在写给弗朗茨·韦格勒的信中说,贝多芬听力的逐渐丧失给了他可怕的影响:这使他不再信任他的朋友,同时别人也很难与他相处。但贝多芬直到1814年才开始带助听器。
但无论怎样,贝多芬献身于艺术并且一生致力于作曲。他避开结婚可能是因为他认为这会对他的艺术造成阻碍。早年时他就希望创作,尽管他需要维持生计,但他写道:“我深爱我的艺术,我绝不会为一已之利所驱使。”
ILIVEENTIRELYINMYMUSIC—BEETHOVEN
Beethovenprobablybegantogodeafafterwhathecalledhis‘terribletyphus’of1797,buthetriedtokeepitasecret,whileconsultingdoctorsandtryingvariousremedies,suchastheapplicationofalmondoil.Hewasextremelyanxiousaboutitspossibleeffectonhiscareerasamusician,andembarrassedbyitseffectonhissociallife.
Inthesummerof1801hewrotetotowfriends.ToFranzWegelerinBonnhewrotethathewasverybusy,withmorecommissionsthanhecouldcopewith,andpublisherscompetingtogetholdofhislatestworks,buthewasworriedabouthishealth,andparticularlyabouthisgraduallossofhearing.Hehadbeenleadingamiserablelifefortheprevioustwoyearsbecauseofhisdeafness,andhadavoidedhumancompanybecausehefoundithardtotellpeoplethathewasdeaf.Hewouldalwayssay,“Iliveentirelyinmymusic.”
TwodayslaterhewrotetoKarlAmenda,amorerecentfriend.Onthesamelines,expressingtheanxietythathisbestyearswouldpass“withoutmybeingabletoachieveallthatmytalentandmystrengthhavecommandedmetodo.”Hisfearthathisdeafnesswouldpreventhimfromrealizinghisartisticpotentialledhimtocontemplatetakinghisownartisticlife,butintheso-called‘HeiligenstadtTestament’,addressedtohisbrothersandfoundamonghispapersafterhisdeath,whichhewroteinthedepthsofdespairinOctober1802,hesaidthathehadrejectedsuicide,andwasresignedtohiscondition.Heexplainedthathisdeafnesswasthereasonwhyhehadbeenwithdrawingfrompeople’scompany,becausehefounditsohumiliatingnotbeingabletohear,buthedidnotwanttotellpeopleaboutit.Althoughtemptedtokillhimself,“theonlythingthatheldmebackwasmyart.ForindeeditseemedtomeimpossibletoleavethisworldbeforeIhadproducedalltheworksthatIfelttheurgetocompose.”
Duringthesummerof1802hehadspentsixmonthsinHeiligenstadt,thirteenmilesoutsideVienna,ontheadviceofoneofhisdoctorswhothoughtthathishearingmightimproveinthepeaceandquietawayfromVienna.Buthispupil,FerdinandRies(sonoftheleaderoftheBonncourtorchestra)visitedhiminthesummer,andduringawalkinthesummer,andduringawalkinthewoodspointedoutofaneldertwig.Beethovencouldnothearit,andthismadehimverymorose,Asthewinterapproachedherealizedthathishearingwasnobetter,andthatitwaslikelytogetworse,andhemightenduptotallydeaf.
ItcouldbearguedthatBeethoven’sdeafnesshelpedthedevelopmentofhisart:isolatedfromtheworld,andunabletoperform,hecoulddevoteallhistimetocomposing,Hewasalreadycomposinglessatthepiano,andthefirstofhisboundsketchbooks,inwhichhemadedetaileddraftsoftheworksinprogress.Datefrom1798.Inhispanic,atthebeginning,Beethovenmayhavebelievedhimselftobedeaf.Hesufferedfromtinnitus(hummingandbuzzingintheears),andloudnoisescausedhimpain.In1804hisfriendStephanvonBreuning,withwhomhebrieflysharedlodgings,wrotetoFranzWeglerabouttheterribleeffecthisgraduallossofhearingwashavingonBeethoven:ithadcausedhimtodistrusthisfriends,andhewasbecomingverydifficulttobewith.ButBeethovendidnotstartusinganeartrumpetuntil1814.
Butaboveallelse,Beethovenwasdedicatedtohisartandtheurgetocomposeremainedwithhimthroughouthislife.Itmaybethatheshieldedawayformthecommitmentofmarriagebecauseheknewitwouldinterferewithhisart.Fromaveryearlyagehewantedtocomposeand,althoughheneededtoearnaliving,hewrote‘Ilovemyarttoodearlytobeactivatedsolelybyself-interest.’
贝多芬开始失聪大概是在1797年,在染上他称为“可怕的斑疹伤寒”后,但他想尽量保密,同时去看医生并试了各种疗法,如使用杏仁油。作为一名音乐家,这对他的事业所可能产生的影响使他感到极度忧虑,同时这对他社会生活的影响邮局是令他十分难堪的。
1801年夏他致信给两位朋友。在给波恩的弗朗茨·韦格勒的信中他说他很忙,创作疲于应付,出版商争着要得到他的新作,但是他担心自己的身体,特别是担心听觉渐渐在丧失。在前两年由于他的失聪,生活开始变得痛苦,同时他避免与他人在一起,因为他不愿告诉别人他聋了。他常常说,“我完全沉醉在音乐中。”
两天后他写信给卡尔·阿曼达,一位新结识的朋友,在同样的字里行间,他表示他担心自己的黄金岁月将在“我没有凭才能和力量取得我应得的成就”中度过去时。他担心失聪会使他无法发挥艺术潜力能,这样想法导致他去考虑结束自己的艺术生命,但是1802年10月,他在极度绝望中写给弟兄们的所谓“海黎詹斯登遗嘱”里说,他已放弃自杀的念头,愿意顺其自然,这是他死后在他的书稿中找到的。他解释说耳聋是他远离众人的原由,因为他觉得失去听力是非常丢人的,可他又不想被别人知道。尽管他想自杀,“唯一能阻止我的是我的艺术。说真的在我没有把我觉得立即该谱的曲子都创作出来之前,我不能离开这个世界。
1802年夏,他已在距维也纳十三英里的海黎詹斯登度过了六个月,这是按照他的一名医生的建议,认为呆在维也纳郊外平静的地方有助于他听力的恢复。但他的学生斐迪南·雷斯(波恩宫廷乐队头头的儿子)那年夏天去拜访他,并一起在树林里散步时,他指着一个正用稍稍长成的树枝做的笛子吹奏的牧羊人。贝多芬却听不到,这使他非常郁闷。到了那年冬天,他意识到他的听觉不但不见好转,而且我可能每况愈下,以至彻底失聪。
有人说贝多芬的失聪帮他提高了他的艺术:与世界隔绝,无法演出,他得以全身心地投入创作。他创作的钢琴曲本已越来越少,在他装帧过的概要手册的第一册中,他详细地做了从1798年起的作品计划纲要。他一开始,忐忑不安的贝多芬就认为自己多半会变聋,他饱受耳鸣的痛苦(耳朵里嗡嗡作响),巨大的嗓音使他痛苦不堪。1804年,他的朋友斯蒂文·冯·勃鲁宁曾与他共同住过一段时间,这位朋友在写给弗朗茨·韦格勒的信中说,贝多芬听力的逐渐丧失给了他可怕的影响:这使他不再信任他的朋友,同时别人也很难与他相处。但贝多芬直到1814年才开始带助听器。
但无论怎样,贝多芬献身于艺术并且一生致力于作曲。他避开结婚可能是因为他认为这会对他的艺术造成阻碍。早年时他就希望创作,尽管他需要维持生计,但他写道:“我深爱我的艺术,我绝不会为一已之利所驱使。”