论语英译乡党篇
作者:古文学 时间:2017/12/17 16:29:25 阅读:次 类别:论语
ConfucianAnalects Chapter10
Confucius,inhisvillage,lookedsimpleandsincere,andasifhewerenotabletospeak.
Whenhewasintheprince‘sancestraltemple,orinthecourt,hespokeminutelyoneverypoint,butcautiously.
Whenhewaswaitingatcourt,inspeakingwiththegreatofficersofthelowergrade,hespokefreely,butinastraightforwardmanner;inspeakingwiththoseofthehighergrade,hedidsoblandly,butprecisely.
Whentherulerwaspresent,hismannerdisplayedrespectfuluneasiness;itwasgrave,butself-possessed.
Whentheprincecalledhimtoemployhiminthereceptionofavisitor,hiscountenanceappearedtochange,andhislegstomoveforwardwithdifficulty.
Heinclinedhimselftotheotherofficersamongwhomhestood,movinghisleftorrightarm,astheirpositionrequired,butkeepingtheskirtsofhisrobebeforeandbehindevenlyadjusted.
Hehastenedforward,withhisarmslikethewingsofabird.Whentheguesthadretired,hewouldreporttotheprince,"Thevisitorisnotturningroundanymore."
Whenheenteredthepalacegate,heseemedtobendhisbody,asifitwerenotsufficienttoadmithim.
Whenhewasstanding,hedidnotoccupythemiddleofthegateway;whenhepassedinorout,hedidnottreaduponthethreshold.
Whenhewaspassingthevacantplaceoftheprince,hiscountenanceappearedtochange,andhislegstobendunderhim,andhiswordscameasifhehardlyhadbreathtoutterthem.
Heascendedthereceptionhall,holdinguphisrobewithbothhishands,andhisbodybent;holdinginhisbreathalso,asifhedarednotbreathe.
Whenhecameoutfromtheaudience,assoonashehaddescendedonestep,hebegantorelaxhiscountenance,andhadasatisfiedlook.Whenhehadgotthebottomofthesteps,headvancedrapidlytohisplace,withhisarmslikewings,andonoccupyingit,hismannerstillshowedrespectfuluneasiness.
Whenhewascarryingthescepterofhisruler,heseemedtobendhisbody,asifhewerenotabletobearitsweight.Hedidnotholdithigherthanthepositionofthehandsinmakingabow,norlowerthantheirpositioningivinganythingtoanother.Hiscountenanceseemedtochange,andlookapprehensive,andhedraggedhisfeetalongasiftheywereheldbysomethingtotheground.
Inpresentingthepresentswithwhichhewascharged,heworeaplacidappearance.
Athisprivateaudience,helookedhighlypleased.Thesuperiormandidnotuseadeeppurple,orapucecolor,in
theornamentsofhisdress.
Eveninhisundress,hedidnotwearanythingofaredorreddishcolor.
Inwarmweather,hehadasinglegarmenteitherofcoarseorfinetexture,butheworeitdisplayedoveraninnergarment.
Overlamb‘sfurheworeagarmentofblack;overfawn‘sfuroneofwhite;andoverfox‘sfuroneofyellow.
Thefurrobeofhisundresswaslong,withtherightsleeveshort.Herequiredhissleepingdresstobehalfaslongagainashisbody.Whenstayingathome,heusedthickfursofthefoxorthebadger.Whenheputoffmourning,heworealltheappendagesofthegirdle.Hisundergarment,exceptwhenitwasrequiredtobeofthecurtainshape,wasmadeofsilkcutnarrowaboveandwidebelow.
Hedidnotwearlamb‘sfurorablackcaponavisitofcondolence.Onthefirstdayofthemonthheputonhiscourtrobes,andpresentedhimselfatcourt.
Whenfasting,hethoughtitnecessarytohavehisclothesbrightlycleanandmadeoflinencloth.
Whenfasting,hethoughtitnecessarytochangehisfood,andalsotochangetheplacewherehecommonlysatintheapartment.
Hedidnotdisliketohavehisricefinelycleaned,nortohavehismincemeatcutquitesmall.
Hedidnoteatricewhichhadbeeninjuredbyheatordampandturnedsour,norfishorfleshwhichwasgone.Hedidnoteatwhatwasdiscolored,orwhatwasofabadflavor,noranythingwhichwasill-cooked,orwasnotinseason.
Hedidnoteatmeatwhichwasnotcutproperly,norwhatwasservedwithoutitspropersauce.
Thoughtheremightbealargequantityofmeat,hewouldnotallowwhathetooktoexceedthedueproportionfortherice.Itwasonlyinwinethathelaiddownnolimitforhimself,buthedidnotallowhimselftobeconfusedbyit.
Hedidnotpartakeofwineanddriedmeatboughtinthemarket.Hewasneverwithoutgingerwhenheate.Hedidnoteatmuch.Whenhehadbeenassistingattheprince‘ssacrifice,hedidnotkeepthefleshwhichhereceivedovernight.Thefleshofhisfamilysacrificehedidnotkeepoverthreedays.Ifkeptoverthreedays,peoplecouldnoteatit.
Wheneating,hedidnotconverse.Wheninbed,hedidnotspeak.Althoughhisfoodmightbecoarsericeandvegetablesoup,hewouldofferalittleofitinsacrificewithagrave,respectfulair.
Ifhismatwasnotstraight,hedidnotsitonit.Whenthevillagersweredrinkingtogether,uponthosewhocarriedstaffsgoingout,healsowentoutimmediatelyafter.
Whenthevillagersweregoingthroughtheirceremoniestodriveawaypestilentialinfluences,heputonhiscourtrobesandstoodontheeasternsteps.
Whenhewassendingcomplimentaryinquiriestoanyoneinanotherstate,hebowedtwiceasheescortedthemessengeraway.
ChiK‘anghavingsenthimapresentofphysic,hebowedandreceivedit,saying,"Idonotknowit.Idarenottasteit."
Thestablebeingburneddown,whenhewasatcourt,onhisreturnhesaid,"Hasanymanbeenhurt?"Hedidnotaskaboutthehorses.
Whenthehewouldadjusthismat,firsttasteit,andthengiveitawaytoothers.Whentheprincesenthimagiftofundressedmeat,hewouldhaveitcooked,andofferittothespiritsofhisancestors.Whentheprincesenthimagiftofalivinganimal,hewouldkeepitalive.
Whenhewasinattendanceontheprinceandjoiningintheentertainment,theprinceonlysacrificed.Hefirsttastedeverything.
Whenhewasillandtheprincecametovisithim,hehadhisheadtotheeast,madehiscourtrobesbespreadoverhim,anddrewhisgirdleacrossthem.
Whentheprince‘sordercalledhim,withoutwaitingforhiscarriagetobeyoked,hewentatonce.
Whenheenteredtheancestraltempleofthestate,heaskedabouteverything.
Whenanyofhisfriendsdied,ifhehadnorelationsoffices,hewouldsay,"Iwillburyhim."
Whenafriendsenthimapresent,thoughitmightbeacarriageandhorses,hedidnotbow.
Theonlypresentforwhichhebowedwasthatofthefleshofsacrifice.
Inbed,hedidnotlielikeacorpse.Athome,hedidnotputonanyformaldeportment.
Whenhesawanyoneinamourningdress,thoughitmightbeanacquaintance,hewouldchangecountenance;whenhesawanyonewearingthecapoffulldress,orablindperson,thoughhemightbeinhisundress,hewouldsalutehiminaceremoniousmanner.
Toanypersoninmourninghebowedforwardtothecrossbarofhiscarriage;hebowedinthesamewaytoanyonebearingthetablesofpopulation.
Whenhewasatanentertainmentwheretherewasanabundanceofprovisionssetbeforehim,hewouldchangecountenanceandriseup.
Onasuddenclapofthunder,oraviolentwind,hewouldchangecountenance.
Whenhewasabouttomounthiscarriage,hewouldstandstraight,holdingthecord.
Whenhewasinthecarriage,hedidnotturnhisheadquiteround,hedidnottalkhastily,hedidnotpointwithhishands.
Seeingthecountenance,itinstantlyrises.Itfliesround,andbyandbysettles.
TheMastersaid,"Thereisthehen-pheasantonthehillbridge.Atitsseason!Atitsseason!"Tsze-lumadeamotiontoit.Thriceitsmelthimandthenrose.
10·1孔子于乡党,恂恂如也,似不能言者。其在宗庙、朝廷,便便言,唯谨尔。
孔子在本乡的地方上显得很温和恭敬,像是不会说话的样子。但他在宗庙里、朝廷上,却很善于言辞,只是说得比较谨慎而已。
10·2朝,与下大夫言,侃侃如也;与上大夫言,訚訚如也。君在,踧踖如也,与与如也。
孔子在上朝的时候,(国君还没有到来,)同下大夫说话,温和而快乐的样子;同上大夫说话,正直而公正的样子;国君已经来了,恭敬而心中不安的样子,但又仪态适中。
10·3君召使摈,色勃如也;足躩如也。揖所与立,左右手,衣前后,襜如也。趋进,翼如也。宾退,必复命曰:“宾不顾矣。”
国君召孔子去接待宾客,孔子脸色立即庄重起来,脚步也快起来,他向和他站在一起的人作揖,手向左或向右作揖,衣服前后摆动,却整齐不乱。快步走的时候,像鸟儿展开双翅一样。宾客走后,必定向君主回报说:“客人已经不回头张望了。”
10·4入公门,鞠躬如也,如不容。立不中门,行不履阈。过位,色勃如也,足躩如也,其言似不足者。摄齐升堂,鞠躬如也,屏气似不息者。出,降一等,逞颜色,怡怡如也。没阶,趋进,翼如也。复其位,踧踖如也。
孔子走进朝廷的大门,谨慎而恭敬的样子,好像没有他的容身之地。站,他不站在门的中间;走,也不踩门坎。经过国君的座位时,他脸色立刻庄重起来,脚步也加快起来,说话也好像中气不足一样。提起衣服下摆向堂上走的时候,恭敬谨慎的样子,憋住气好像不呼吸一样。退出来,走下台阶,脸色便舒展开了,怡然自得的样子。走完了台阶,快快地向前走几步,姿态像鸟儿展翅一样。回到自己的位置,是恭敬而不安的样子。
10·5执圭,鞠躬如也,如不胜。上如揖,下如授。勃如战色,足蹜蹜,如有循。享礼,有容色。私觌,愉愉如也。
(孔子出使别的诸侯国,)拿着圭,恭敬谨慎,像是举不起来的样子。向上举时好像在作揖,放在下面时好像是给人递东西。脸色庄重得像战栗的样子,步子很小,好像沿着一条直线往前走。在举行赠送礼物的仪式时,显得和颜悦色。和国君举行私下会见的时候,更轻松愉快了。
10·6君子不以绀緅饰,红紫不以为亵服。当暑,袗絺绤,必表而出之。缁衣,羔裘;素衣,麑裘;黄衣,狐裘。亵裘长,短右袂。必有寝衣,长一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去丧,无所不佩。非帷裳,必杀之。羔裘玄冠不以吊。吉月,必朝服而朝。
君子不用深青透红或黑中透红的布镶边,不用红色或紫色的布做平常在家穿的衣服。夏天穿粗的或细的葛布单衣,但一定要套在内衣外面。黑色的羔羊皮袍,配黑色的罩衣。白色的鹿皮袍,配白色的罩衣。黄色的狐皮袍,配黄色的罩衣。平常在家穿的皮袍做得长一些,右边的袖子短一些。睡觉一定要有睡衣,要有一身半长。用狐貉的厚毛皮做坐垫。丧服期满,脱下丧服后,便佩带上各种各样的装饰品。如果不是礼服,一定要加以剪裁。不穿着黑色的羔羊皮袍和戴着黑色的帽子去吊丧。每月初一,一定要穿着礼服去朝拜君主。
10·7齐,必有明衣,布。齐必变食,居必迁坐。
斋戒沐浴的时候,一定要有浴衣,用布做的。斋戒的时候,一定要改变平常的饮食,居住也一定搬移地方,(不与妻妾同房)。
10·8食不厌精,脍不厌细。食饐而餲,鱼馁而肉败,不食。色恶,不食。臭恶,不食。失饪,不食。不时,不食,割不正,不食。不得其酱,不食。肉虽多,不使胜食气。唯酒无量,不及乱。沽酒市脯,不食。不撤姜食,不多食。
粮食不嫌舂得精,鱼和肉不嫌切得细。粮食陈旧和变味了,鱼和肉腐烂了,都不吃。食物的颜色变了,不吃。气味变了,不吃。烹调不当,不吃。不时新的东西,不吃。肉切得不方正,不吃。佐料放得不适当,不吃。席上的肉虽多,但吃的量不超过米面的量。只有酒没有限制,但不喝醉。从市上买来的肉干和酒,不吃。每餐必须有姜,但也不多吃。
10·9祭于公,不宿肉,祭肉不出三日。出三日,不食之矣。
孔子参加国君祭祀典礼时分到的肉,不能留到第二天。祭祀用过的肉不超过三天。超过三天,就不吃了。
10·10食不语,寝不言。
吃饭的时候不说话,睡觉的时候也不说话。
10·11虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭,必齐如也。
即使是粗米饭蔬菜汤,吃饭前也要把它们取出一些来祭祖,而且表情要像斋戒时那样严肃恭敬。
10·12席不正,不坐。
席子放得不端正,不坐。
10·13乡人饮酒,杖者出,斯出矣。
行乡饮酒的礼仪结束后,(孔子)一定要等老年人先出去,然后自己才出去。
10·14乡人傩,朝服而立于阼阶。
乡里人举行迎神驱鬼的宗教仪式时,孔子总是穿着朝服站在东边的台阶上。
10·15问人于他邦,再拜而送之。
(孔子)托人向在其他诸侯国的朋友问候送礼,便向受托者拜两次送行。
10·16康子馈药,拜而受之。曰:“丘未达,不敢尝。”
季康子给孔子赠送药品,孔子拜谢之后接受了,说:“我对药性不了解,不敢尝。”
10·17厩焚。子退朝,曰:“伤人乎?”不问马。
马棚失火烧掉了。孔子退朝回来,说:“伤人了吗?”不问马的情况怎么样。
10·18君赐食,必正席先尝之。君赐腥,必熟而荐之。君赐生,必畜之。侍食于君,君祭,先饭。
国君赐给熟食,孔子一定摆正座席先尝一尝。国君赐给生肉,一定煮熟了,先给祖宗上供。国君赐给活物,一定要饲养起来。同国君一道吃饭,在国君举行饭前祭礼的时候,一定要先尝一尝。
10·19疾,君视之,东首,加朝服,拖绅。
孔子病了,国君来探视,他便头朝东躺着,身上盖上朝服,拖着大带子。
10·20君命召,不俟驾行矣。
国君召见(孔子),他不等车马驾好就先步行走去了。
10·21入太庙,每事问。
孔子到了太庙,每件事都要问。
10·22朋友死,无所归,曰:“于我殡。”
(孔子的)朋友死了,没有亲属负责敛埋,孔子说:“丧事由我来办吧。”
10·23朋友之馈,虽车马,非祭肉,不拜。
朋友馈赠物品,即使是车马,不是祭肉,(孔子在接受时)也是不拜的。
10·24寝不尸,居不客。
(孔子)睡觉不像死尸一样挺着,平日家居也不像作客或接待客人时那样庄重严肃。
10·25见齐衰者,虽狎,必变。见冕者与瞽者,虽亵,必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者。有盛馔,必变色而作。迅雷风烈必变。
10·26升车,必正立,执绥。车中,不内顾,不疾言,不亲指。
上车时,一定先直立站好,然后拉着扶手带上车。在车上,不回头,不高声说话,不用自己的手指指点点。
10·27色斯举矣,翔而后集。曰:“山梁雌雉,时哉时哉!”子路共之,三嗅而作。
孔子在山谷中行走,看见一群野鸡在那儿飞,孔子神色动了一下,野鸡飞翔了一阵落在树上。孔子说:“这些山梁上的母野鸡,得其时呀!得其时呀!”子路向他们拱拱手,野鸡便叫了几声飞走了。
Confucius,inhisvillage,lookedsimpleandsincere,andasifhewerenotabletospeak.
Whenhewasintheprince‘sancestraltemple,orinthecourt,hespokeminutelyoneverypoint,butcautiously.
Whenhewaswaitingatcourt,inspeakingwiththegreatofficersofthelowergrade,hespokefreely,butinastraightforwardmanner;inspeakingwiththoseofthehighergrade,hedidsoblandly,butprecisely.
Whentherulerwaspresent,hismannerdisplayedrespectfuluneasiness;itwasgrave,butself-possessed.
Whentheprincecalledhimtoemployhiminthereceptionofavisitor,hiscountenanceappearedtochange,andhislegstomoveforwardwithdifficulty.
Heinclinedhimselftotheotherofficersamongwhomhestood,movinghisleftorrightarm,astheirpositionrequired,butkeepingtheskirtsofhisrobebeforeandbehindevenlyadjusted.
Hehastenedforward,withhisarmslikethewingsofabird.Whentheguesthadretired,hewouldreporttotheprince,"Thevisitorisnotturningroundanymore."
Whenheenteredthepalacegate,heseemedtobendhisbody,asifitwerenotsufficienttoadmithim.
Whenhewasstanding,hedidnotoccupythemiddleofthegateway;whenhepassedinorout,hedidnottreaduponthethreshold.
Whenhewaspassingthevacantplaceoftheprince,hiscountenanceappearedtochange,andhislegstobendunderhim,andhiswordscameasifhehardlyhadbreathtoutterthem.
Heascendedthereceptionhall,holdinguphisrobewithbothhishands,andhisbodybent;holdinginhisbreathalso,asifhedarednotbreathe.
Whenhecameoutfromtheaudience,assoonashehaddescendedonestep,hebegantorelaxhiscountenance,andhadasatisfiedlook.Whenhehadgotthebottomofthesteps,headvancedrapidlytohisplace,withhisarmslikewings,andonoccupyingit,hismannerstillshowedrespectfuluneasiness.
Whenhewascarryingthescepterofhisruler,heseemedtobendhisbody,asifhewerenotabletobearitsweight.Hedidnotholdithigherthanthepositionofthehandsinmakingabow,norlowerthantheirpositioningivinganythingtoanother.Hiscountenanceseemedtochange,andlookapprehensive,andhedraggedhisfeetalongasiftheywereheldbysomethingtotheground.
Inpresentingthepresentswithwhichhewascharged,heworeaplacidappearance.
Athisprivateaudience,helookedhighlypleased.Thesuperiormandidnotuseadeeppurple,orapucecolor,in
theornamentsofhisdress.
Eveninhisundress,hedidnotwearanythingofaredorreddishcolor.
Inwarmweather,hehadasinglegarmenteitherofcoarseorfinetexture,butheworeitdisplayedoveraninnergarment.
Overlamb‘sfurheworeagarmentofblack;overfawn‘sfuroneofwhite;andoverfox‘sfuroneofyellow.
Thefurrobeofhisundresswaslong,withtherightsleeveshort.Herequiredhissleepingdresstobehalfaslongagainashisbody.Whenstayingathome,heusedthickfursofthefoxorthebadger.Whenheputoffmourning,heworealltheappendagesofthegirdle.Hisundergarment,exceptwhenitwasrequiredtobeofthecurtainshape,wasmadeofsilkcutnarrowaboveandwidebelow.
Hedidnotwearlamb‘sfurorablackcaponavisitofcondolence.Onthefirstdayofthemonthheputonhiscourtrobes,andpresentedhimselfatcourt.
Whenfasting,hethoughtitnecessarytohavehisclothesbrightlycleanandmadeoflinencloth.
Whenfasting,hethoughtitnecessarytochangehisfood,andalsotochangetheplacewherehecommonlysatintheapartment.
Hedidnotdisliketohavehisricefinelycleaned,nortohavehismincemeatcutquitesmall.
Hedidnoteatricewhichhadbeeninjuredbyheatordampandturnedsour,norfishorfleshwhichwasgone.Hedidnoteatwhatwasdiscolored,orwhatwasofabadflavor,noranythingwhichwasill-cooked,orwasnotinseason.
Hedidnoteatmeatwhichwasnotcutproperly,norwhatwasservedwithoutitspropersauce.
Thoughtheremightbealargequantityofmeat,hewouldnotallowwhathetooktoexceedthedueproportionfortherice.Itwasonlyinwinethathelaiddownnolimitforhimself,buthedidnotallowhimselftobeconfusedbyit.
Hedidnotpartakeofwineanddriedmeatboughtinthemarket.Hewasneverwithoutgingerwhenheate.Hedidnoteatmuch.Whenhehadbeenassistingattheprince‘ssacrifice,hedidnotkeepthefleshwhichhereceivedovernight.Thefleshofhisfamilysacrificehedidnotkeepoverthreedays.Ifkeptoverthreedays,peoplecouldnoteatit.
Wheneating,hedidnotconverse.Wheninbed,hedidnotspeak.Althoughhisfoodmightbecoarsericeandvegetablesoup,hewouldofferalittleofitinsacrificewithagrave,respectfulair.
Ifhismatwasnotstraight,hedidnotsitonit.Whenthevillagersweredrinkingtogether,uponthosewhocarriedstaffsgoingout,healsowentoutimmediatelyafter.
Whenthevillagersweregoingthroughtheirceremoniestodriveawaypestilentialinfluences,heputonhiscourtrobesandstoodontheeasternsteps.
Whenhewassendingcomplimentaryinquiriestoanyoneinanotherstate,hebowedtwiceasheescortedthemessengeraway.
ChiK‘anghavingsenthimapresentofphysic,hebowedandreceivedit,saying,"Idonotknowit.Idarenottasteit."
Thestablebeingburneddown,whenhewasatcourt,onhisreturnhesaid,"Hasanymanbeenhurt?"Hedidnotaskaboutthehorses.
Whenthehewouldadjusthismat,firsttasteit,andthengiveitawaytoothers.Whentheprincesenthimagiftofundressedmeat,hewouldhaveitcooked,andofferittothespiritsofhisancestors.Whentheprincesenthimagiftofalivinganimal,hewouldkeepitalive.
Whenhewasinattendanceontheprinceandjoiningintheentertainment,theprinceonlysacrificed.Hefirsttastedeverything.
Whenhewasillandtheprincecametovisithim,hehadhisheadtotheeast,madehiscourtrobesbespreadoverhim,anddrewhisgirdleacrossthem.
Whentheprince‘sordercalledhim,withoutwaitingforhiscarriagetobeyoked,hewentatonce.
Whenheenteredtheancestraltempleofthestate,heaskedabouteverything.
Whenanyofhisfriendsdied,ifhehadnorelationsoffices,hewouldsay,"Iwillburyhim."
Whenafriendsenthimapresent,thoughitmightbeacarriageandhorses,hedidnotbow.
Theonlypresentforwhichhebowedwasthatofthefleshofsacrifice.
Inbed,hedidnotlielikeacorpse.Athome,hedidnotputonanyformaldeportment.
Whenhesawanyoneinamourningdress,thoughitmightbeanacquaintance,hewouldchangecountenance;whenhesawanyonewearingthecapoffulldress,orablindperson,thoughhemightbeinhisundress,hewouldsalutehiminaceremoniousmanner.
Toanypersoninmourninghebowedforwardtothecrossbarofhiscarriage;hebowedinthesamewaytoanyonebearingthetablesofpopulation.
Whenhewasatanentertainmentwheretherewasanabundanceofprovisionssetbeforehim,hewouldchangecountenanceandriseup.
Onasuddenclapofthunder,oraviolentwind,hewouldchangecountenance.
Whenhewasabouttomounthiscarriage,hewouldstandstraight,holdingthecord.
Whenhewasinthecarriage,hedidnotturnhisheadquiteround,hedidnottalkhastily,hedidnotpointwithhishands.
Seeingthecountenance,itinstantlyrises.Itfliesround,andbyandbysettles.
TheMastersaid,"Thereisthehen-pheasantonthehillbridge.Atitsseason!Atitsseason!"Tsze-lumadeamotiontoit.Thriceitsmelthimandthenrose.
10·1孔子于乡党,恂恂如也,似不能言者。其在宗庙、朝廷,便便言,唯谨尔。
孔子在本乡的地方上显得很温和恭敬,像是不会说话的样子。但他在宗庙里、朝廷上,却很善于言辞,只是说得比较谨慎而已。
10·2朝,与下大夫言,侃侃如也;与上大夫言,訚訚如也。君在,踧踖如也,与与如也。
孔子在上朝的时候,(国君还没有到来,)同下大夫说话,温和而快乐的样子;同上大夫说话,正直而公正的样子;国君已经来了,恭敬而心中不安的样子,但又仪态适中。
10·3君召使摈,色勃如也;足躩如也。揖所与立,左右手,衣前后,襜如也。趋进,翼如也。宾退,必复命曰:“宾不顾矣。”
国君召孔子去接待宾客,孔子脸色立即庄重起来,脚步也快起来,他向和他站在一起的人作揖,手向左或向右作揖,衣服前后摆动,却整齐不乱。快步走的时候,像鸟儿展开双翅一样。宾客走后,必定向君主回报说:“客人已经不回头张望了。”
10·4入公门,鞠躬如也,如不容。立不中门,行不履阈。过位,色勃如也,足躩如也,其言似不足者。摄齐升堂,鞠躬如也,屏气似不息者。出,降一等,逞颜色,怡怡如也。没阶,趋进,翼如也。复其位,踧踖如也。
孔子走进朝廷的大门,谨慎而恭敬的样子,好像没有他的容身之地。站,他不站在门的中间;走,也不踩门坎。经过国君的座位时,他脸色立刻庄重起来,脚步也加快起来,说话也好像中气不足一样。提起衣服下摆向堂上走的时候,恭敬谨慎的样子,憋住气好像不呼吸一样。退出来,走下台阶,脸色便舒展开了,怡然自得的样子。走完了台阶,快快地向前走几步,姿态像鸟儿展翅一样。回到自己的位置,是恭敬而不安的样子。
10·5执圭,鞠躬如也,如不胜。上如揖,下如授。勃如战色,足蹜蹜,如有循。享礼,有容色。私觌,愉愉如也。
(孔子出使别的诸侯国,)拿着圭,恭敬谨慎,像是举不起来的样子。向上举时好像在作揖,放在下面时好像是给人递东西。脸色庄重得像战栗的样子,步子很小,好像沿着一条直线往前走。在举行赠送礼物的仪式时,显得和颜悦色。和国君举行私下会见的时候,更轻松愉快了。
10·6君子不以绀緅饰,红紫不以为亵服。当暑,袗絺绤,必表而出之。缁衣,羔裘;素衣,麑裘;黄衣,狐裘。亵裘长,短右袂。必有寝衣,长一身有半。狐貉之厚以居。去丧,无所不佩。非帷裳,必杀之。羔裘玄冠不以吊。吉月,必朝服而朝。
君子不用深青透红或黑中透红的布镶边,不用红色或紫色的布做平常在家穿的衣服。夏天穿粗的或细的葛布单衣,但一定要套在内衣外面。黑色的羔羊皮袍,配黑色的罩衣。白色的鹿皮袍,配白色的罩衣。黄色的狐皮袍,配黄色的罩衣。平常在家穿的皮袍做得长一些,右边的袖子短一些。睡觉一定要有睡衣,要有一身半长。用狐貉的厚毛皮做坐垫。丧服期满,脱下丧服后,便佩带上各种各样的装饰品。如果不是礼服,一定要加以剪裁。不穿着黑色的羔羊皮袍和戴着黑色的帽子去吊丧。每月初一,一定要穿着礼服去朝拜君主。
10·7齐,必有明衣,布。齐必变食,居必迁坐。
斋戒沐浴的时候,一定要有浴衣,用布做的。斋戒的时候,一定要改变平常的饮食,居住也一定搬移地方,(不与妻妾同房)。
10·8食不厌精,脍不厌细。食饐而餲,鱼馁而肉败,不食。色恶,不食。臭恶,不食。失饪,不食。不时,不食,割不正,不食。不得其酱,不食。肉虽多,不使胜食气。唯酒无量,不及乱。沽酒市脯,不食。不撤姜食,不多食。
粮食不嫌舂得精,鱼和肉不嫌切得细。粮食陈旧和变味了,鱼和肉腐烂了,都不吃。食物的颜色变了,不吃。气味变了,不吃。烹调不当,不吃。不时新的东西,不吃。肉切得不方正,不吃。佐料放得不适当,不吃。席上的肉虽多,但吃的量不超过米面的量。只有酒没有限制,但不喝醉。从市上买来的肉干和酒,不吃。每餐必须有姜,但也不多吃。
10·9祭于公,不宿肉,祭肉不出三日。出三日,不食之矣。
孔子参加国君祭祀典礼时分到的肉,不能留到第二天。祭祀用过的肉不超过三天。超过三天,就不吃了。
10·10食不语,寝不言。
吃饭的时候不说话,睡觉的时候也不说话。
10·11虽疏食菜羹,瓜祭,必齐如也。
即使是粗米饭蔬菜汤,吃饭前也要把它们取出一些来祭祖,而且表情要像斋戒时那样严肃恭敬。
10·12席不正,不坐。
席子放得不端正,不坐。
10·13乡人饮酒,杖者出,斯出矣。
行乡饮酒的礼仪结束后,(孔子)一定要等老年人先出去,然后自己才出去。
10·14乡人傩,朝服而立于阼阶。
乡里人举行迎神驱鬼的宗教仪式时,孔子总是穿着朝服站在东边的台阶上。
10·15问人于他邦,再拜而送之。
(孔子)托人向在其他诸侯国的朋友问候送礼,便向受托者拜两次送行。
10·16康子馈药,拜而受之。曰:“丘未达,不敢尝。”
季康子给孔子赠送药品,孔子拜谢之后接受了,说:“我对药性不了解,不敢尝。”
10·17厩焚。子退朝,曰:“伤人乎?”不问马。
马棚失火烧掉了。孔子退朝回来,说:“伤人了吗?”不问马的情况怎么样。
10·18君赐食,必正席先尝之。君赐腥,必熟而荐之。君赐生,必畜之。侍食于君,君祭,先饭。
国君赐给熟食,孔子一定摆正座席先尝一尝。国君赐给生肉,一定煮熟了,先给祖宗上供。国君赐给活物,一定要饲养起来。同国君一道吃饭,在国君举行饭前祭礼的时候,一定要先尝一尝。
10·19疾,君视之,东首,加朝服,拖绅。
孔子病了,国君来探视,他便头朝东躺着,身上盖上朝服,拖着大带子。
10·20君命召,不俟驾行矣。
国君召见(孔子),他不等车马驾好就先步行走去了。
10·21入太庙,每事问。
孔子到了太庙,每件事都要问。
10·22朋友死,无所归,曰:“于我殡。”
(孔子的)朋友死了,没有亲属负责敛埋,孔子说:“丧事由我来办吧。”
10·23朋友之馈,虽车马,非祭肉,不拜。
朋友馈赠物品,即使是车马,不是祭肉,(孔子在接受时)也是不拜的。
10·24寝不尸,居不客。
(孔子)睡觉不像死尸一样挺着,平日家居也不像作客或接待客人时那样庄重严肃。
10·25见齐衰者,虽狎,必变。见冕者与瞽者,虽亵,必以貌。凶服者式之。式负版者。有盛馔,必变色而作。迅雷风烈必变。
10·26升车,必正立,执绥。车中,不内顾,不疾言,不亲指。
上车时,一定先直立站好,然后拉着扶手带上车。在车上,不回头,不高声说话,不用自己的手指指点点。
10·27色斯举矣,翔而后集。曰:“山梁雌雉,时哉时哉!”子路共之,三嗅而作。
孔子在山谷中行走,看见一群野鸡在那儿飞,孔子神色动了一下,野鸡飞翔了一阵落在树上。孔子说:“这些山梁上的母野鸡,得其时呀!得其时呀!”子路向他们拱拱手,野鸡便叫了几声飞走了。