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论语英译卫灵公篇

作者:古文学  时间:2017/12/17 16:29:28  阅读:次  类别:论语

ConfucianAnalects Chapter15

TheDukeLingofWeiaskedConfuciusabouttactics.Confuciusreplied,"Ihaveheardallaboutsacrificialvessels,butIhavenotlearnedmilitarymatters."Onthis,hetookhisdeparturethenextday.

WhenhewasinChan,theirprovisionswereexhausted,andhisfollowersbecamesointhattheywereunabletorise.

Tsze-lu,withevidentdissatisfaction,said,"Hasthesuperiormanlikewisetoendureinthisway?"TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormanmayindeedhavetoendurewant,butthemeanman,whenheisinwant,giveswaytounbridledlicense."

TheMastersaid,"Ts‘ze,youthink,Isuppose,thatIamonewholearnsmanythingsandkeepstheminmemory?"

Tsze-kungreplied,"Yes,-butperhapsitisnotso?""No,"wastheanswer;"Iseekaunityallpervading."TheMastersaid,"YuIthosewhoknowvirtuearefew."TheMastersaid,"MaynotShunbeinstancedashavinggoverned

efficientlywithoutexertion?Whatdidhedo?Hedidnothingbutgravelyandreverentlyoccupyhisroyalseat."

Tsze-changaskedhowamanshouldconducthimself,soastobeeverywhereappreciated.

TheMastersaid,"Lethiswordsbesincereandtruthfulandhisactionshonorableandcareful;-suchconductmaybepracticedamongtherudetribesoftheSouthortheNorth.Ifhiswordsbenotsincereandtruthfulandhisactionsnothonorableandcarefullwillhe,withsuchconduct,beappreciated,eveninhisneighborhood?

"Whenheisstanding,lethimseethosetwothings,asitwere,frontinghim.Whenheisinacarriage,lethimseethemattachedtotheyoke.Thenmayhesubsequentlycarrythemintopractice."

Tsze-changwrotethesecounselsontheendofhissash.TheMastersaid,"Trulystraightforwardwasthehistoriographer

Yu.Whengoodgovernmentprevailedinhisstate,hewaslikeanarrow.Whenbadgovernmentprevailed,hewaslikeanarrow.AsuperiormanindeedisChuPo-yu!Whengoodgovernmentprevailsinhisstate,heistobefoundinoffice.Whenbadgovernmentprevails,hecanrollhisprinciplesup,andkeeptheminhisbreast."

TheMastersaid,"Whenamanmaybespokenwith,nottospeaktohimistoerrinreferencetotheman.Whenamanmaynotbespokenwith,tospeaktohimistoerrinreferencetoourwords.Thewiseerrneitherinregardtotheirmannortotheirwords."

TheMastersaid,"Thedeterminedscholarandthemanofvirtuewillnotseektoliveattheexpenseofinjuringtheirvirtue.Theywillevensacrificetheirlivestopreservetheirvirtuecomplete."

Tsze-kungaskedaboutthepracticeofvirtue.TheMastersaid,"Themechanic,whowishestodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpenhistools.Whenyouarelivinginanystate,takeservicewiththemostworthyamongitsgreatofficers,andmakefriendsofthemostvirtuousamongitsscholars."

YenYuanaskedhowthegovernmentofacountryshouldbeadministered.

TheMastersaid,"FollowtheseasonsofHsia."RideinthestatecarriageofYin."WeartheceremonialcapofChau."LetthemusicbetheShaowithitspantomimes.Banishthesongs

ofChang,andkeepfarfromspecioustalkers.ThesongsofChangarelicentious;specioustalkersaredangerous."

TheMastersaid,"Ifamantakenothoughtaboutwhatisdistant,hewillfindsorrownearathand."

TheMastersaid,"Itisallover!Ihavenotseenonewholovesvirtueashelovesbeauty."

TheMastersaid,"WasnotTsangWanlikeonewhohadstolenhissituation?HeknewthevirtueandthetalentsofHuiofLiu-hsia,andyetdidnotprocurethatheshouldstandwithhimincourt."

TheMastersaid,"Hewhorequiresmuchfromhimselfandlittlefromothers,willkeephimselffrombeingtheobjectofresentment."

TheMastersaid,"Whenamanisnotinthehabitofsaying-‘WhatshallIthinkofthis?WhatshallIthinkofthis?‘Icanindeeddonothingwithhim!"

TheMastersaid,"Whenanumberofpeoplearetogether,forawholeday,withouttheirconversationturningonrighteousness,andwhentheyarefondofcarryingoutthesuggestionsofasmallshrewdness;-theirsisindeedahardcase."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormanineverythingconsidersrighteousnesstobeessential.Heperformsitaccordingtotherulesofpropriety.Hebringsitforthinhumility.Hecompletesitwithsincerity.Thisisindeedasuperiorman."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormanisdistressedbyhiswantofability.Heisnotdistressedbymen‘snotknowinghim."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormandislikesthethoughtofhisnamenotbeingmentionedafterhisdeath."

TheMastersaid,"Whatthesuperiormanseeks,isinhimself.Whatthemeanmanseeks,isinothers."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormanisdignified,butdoesnotwrangle.Heissociable,butnotapartisan."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormandoesnotpromoteamansimplyonaccountofhiswords,nordoesheputasidegoodwordsbecauseoftheman."

Tsze-kungasked,saying,"Isthereonewordwhichmayserveasaruleofpracticeforallone‘slife?"TheMastersaid,"IsnotRECIPROCITYsuchaword?Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers."

TheMastersaid,"Inmydealingswithmen,whoseevildoIblame,whosegoodnessdoIpraise,beyondwhatisproper?IfIdosometimesexceedinpraise,theremustbegroundforitinmyexaminationoftheindividual.

"Thispeoplesuppliedthegroundwhythethreedynastiespursuedthepathofstraightforwardness."

TheMastersaid,"Eveninmyearlydays,ahistoriographerwouldleaveablankinhistext,andhewhohadahorsewouldlendhimtoanothertoride.Now,alas!therearenosuchthings."

TheMastersaid,"Speciouswordsconfoundvirtue.Wantofforbearanceinsmallmattersconfoundsgreatplans."

TheMastersaid,"Whenthemultitudehateaman,itisnecessarytoexamineintothecase.Whenthemultitudelikeaman,itisnecessarytoexamineintothecase."

TheMastersaid,"Amancanenlargetheprincipleswhichhefollows;thoseprinciplesdonotenlargetheman."

TheMastersaid,"Tohavefaultsandnottoreformthem,-this,indeed,shouldbepronouncedhavingfaults."

TheMastersaid,"Ihavebeenthewholedaywithouteating,andthewholenightwithoutsleeping:-occupiedwiththinking.Itwasofnouse.betterplanistolearn."

TheMastersaid,"Theobjectofthesuperiormanistruth.Foodisnothisobject.Thereisplowing;-eveninthatthereissometimeswant.Sowithlearning;-emolumentmaybefoundinit.thesuperiormanisanxiouslestheshouldnotgettruth;heisnotanxiouslestpovertyshouldcomeuponhim."

TheMastersaid,"Whenaman‘sknowledgeissufficienttoattain,andhisvirtueisnotsufficienttoenablehimtohold,whateverhemayhavegained,hewillloseagain.

"Whenhisknowledgeissufficienttoattain,andhehasvirtueenoughtoholdfast,ifhecannotgovernwithdignity,thepeoplewillnotrespecthim.

"Whenhisknowledgeissufficienttoattain,andhehasvirtueenoughtoholdfast;whenhegovernsalsowithdignity,yetifhetrytomovethepeoplecontrarytotherulesofpropriety:-fullexcellenceisnotreached."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormancannotbeknowninlittlematters;buthemaybeintrustedwithgreatconcerns.Thesmallmanmaynotbeintrustedwithgreatconcerns,buthemaybeknowninlittlematters."

TheMastersaid,"Virtueismoretomanthaneitherwaterorfire.Ihaveseenmendiefromtreadingonwaterandfire,butIhaveneverseenamandiefromtreadingthecourseofvirtue."

TheMastersaid,"Leteverymanconsidervirtueaswhatdevolvesonhimself.Hemaynotyieldtheperformanceofiteventohisteacher."

TheMastersaid,"thesuperiormaniscorrectlyfirm,andnotfirmmerely."

TheMastersaid,"Aminister,inservinghisprince,reverentlydischargeshisduties,andmakeshisemolumentasecondaryconsideration."

TheMastersaid,"Inteachingthereshouldbenodistinctionofclasses."

TheMastersaid,"Thosewhosecoursesaredifferentcannotlayplansforoneanother."

TheMastersaid,"Inlanguageitissimplyrequiredthatitconveythemeaning."

Themusicmaster,Mien,havingcalleduponhim,whentheycametothesteps,theMastersaid,"Herearethesteps."Whentheycametothematfortheguesttositupon,hesaid,"Hereisthemat."Whenallwereseated,theMasterinformedhim,saying,"Soandsoishere;soandsoishere."

Themusicmaster,Mien,havinggoneout,Tsze-changasked,saying."Isittheruletotellthosethingstothemusicmaster?"

TheMastersaid,"Yes.Thisiscertainlytheruleforthosewholeadtheblind."

15·1卫灵公问陈于孔子。孔子对曰:“俎豆之事,则尝闻之矣;军旅之事,未之学也。”明日遂行。
卫灵公向孔子问军队列阵之法。孔子回答说:“祭祀礼仪方面的事情,我还听说过;用兵打仗的事,从来没有学过。”第二天,孔子便离开了卫国。

15·2在陈绝粮,从者病,莫能兴。子路愠见曰:“君子亦有穷乎?”子曰:“君子固穷,小人穷斯滥矣。”
(孔子一行)在陈国断了粮食,随从的人都饿病了。子路很不高兴地来见孔子,说道:“君子也有穷得毫无办法的时候吗?”孔子说:“君子虽然穷困,但还是坚持着;小人一遇穷困就无所不为了。”

15·3子曰:“赐也!女以予为多学而识之者与?”对曰:“然,非与?”曰:“非也。予一以贯之。”
孔子说:“赐啊!你以为我是学习得多了才一一记住的吗?”子贡答道:“是啊,难道不是这样吗?”孔子说:“不是的。我是用一个根本的东西把它们贯彻始终的。”

15·4子曰:“由!知德者鲜矣。”
孔子说:“由啊!懂得德的人太少了。”

15·5子曰:“无为而治者,其舜也与?夫何为哉?恭己正南面而已矣。”
孔子说:“能够无所作为而治理天下的人,大概只有舜吧?他做了些什么呢?只是庄严端正地坐在朝廷的王位上罢了。”

15·6子张问行。子曰“言忠信,行笃敬,虽蛮貊之邦,行矣。言不忠信,行不笃敬,虽州里,行乎哉?立则见其参于前也,在舆则见其倚于衡也,夫然后行。”子张书诸绅。
子张问如何才能使自己到处都能行得通。孔子说:“说话要忠信,行事要笃敬,即使到了蛮貊地区,也可以行得通。说话不忠信,行事不笃敬,就是在本乡本土,能行得通吗?站着,就仿佛看到忠信笃敬这几个字显现在面前,坐车,就好像看到这几个字刻在车辕前的横木上,这样才能使自己到处行得通。”子张把这些话写在腰间的大带上。

15·7子曰:“直哉史鱼!邦有道,如矢;邦无道,如矢。君子哉蘧伯玉!邦有道,则仕;邦无道,则可卷而怀之。”
孔子说:“史鱼真是正直啊!国家有道,他的言行像箭一样直;国家无道,他的言行也像箭一样直。蘧伯玉也真是一位君子啊!国家有道就出来做官,国家无道就(辞退官职)把自己的主张收藏在心里。

15·8子曰:“可与言而不与之言,失人;不可与言而与言,失言。知者不失人,亦不失言。”
孔子说:“可以同他谈的话,却不同他谈,这就是失掉了朋友;不可以同他谈的话,却同他谈,这就是说错了话。有智慧的人既不失去朋友,又不说错话。”

15·9子曰:“志士仁人,无求生以害仁,有杀身以成仁。”
孔子说:“志士仁人,没有贪生怕死而损害仁的,只有牺牲自己的性命来成全仁的。”

15·10子贡问为仁。子曰:“工欲善其事,必先利其器。居是邦也,事其大夫之贤者,友其士之仁者。”
子贡问怎样实行仁德。孔子说:“做工的人想把活儿做好,必须首先使他的工具锋利。住在这个国家,就要事奉大夫中的那些贤者,与士人中的仁者交朋友。”

15·11颜渊问为邦。子曰:“行夏之时,乘殷之辂,服周之冕,乐则韶舞。放郑声,远侫人。郑声淫,侫人殆。”
颜渊问怎样治理国家。孔子说:“用夏代的历法,乘殷代的车子,戴周代的礼帽,奏《韶》乐,禁绝郑国的乐曲,疏远能言善辩的人,郑国的乐曲浮靡不正派,侫人太危险。”

15·12子曰:“人无远虑,必有近忧。”
孔子说:“人没有长远的考虑,一定会有眼前的忧患。”

15·13子曰:“已矣乎!吾未见好德如好色者也。”
孔子说:“完了,我从来没有见像好色那样好德的人。”

15·14子曰:“臧文仲其窃位者与!知柳下惠之贤而不与立也。”
孔子说:“臧文仲是一个窃居官位的人吧!他明知道柳下惠是个贤人,却不举荐他一起做官。”

15·15子曰:“躬自厚而薄责于人,则远怨矣。”
孔子说:“多责备自己而少责备别人,那就可以避免别人的怨恨了。”

15·16子曰:“不曰‘如之何,如之何’者,吾末如之何也已矣。”
孔子说:“从来遇事不说‘怎么办,怎么办’的人,我对他也不知怎么办才好。”

15·17子曰:“群居终日,言不及义,好行小慧,难矣哉!”
孔子说:“整天聚在一块,说的都达不到义的标准,专好卖弄小聪明,这种人真难教导。”

15·18子曰:“君子义以为质,礼以行之,孙以出之,信以成之。君子哉!”
孔子说:“君子以义作为根本,用礼加以推行,用谦逊的语言来表达,用忠诚的态度来完成,这就是君子了。”

15·19子曰:“君子病无能焉,不病人之不己知也。”
孔子说:“君子只怕自己没有才能,不怕别人不知道自己。”

15·20子曰:“君子疾没世而名不称焉。”
孔子说:“君子担心死亡以后他的名字不为人们所称颂。”

15·21子曰:“君子求诸己,小人求诸人。”
孔子说:“君子求之于自己,小人求之于别人。”

15·22子曰:“君子矜而不争,群而不党。”
孔子说:“君子庄重而不与别人争执,合群而不结党营私。”

15·23子曰:“君子不以言举人,不以人废言。”
孔子说:“君子不凭一个人说的话来举荐他,也不因为一个人不好而不采纳他的好话。”

15·24子贡问曰:“有一言而可以终身行之者乎?”子曰:“其恕乎!己所不欲,勿施于人。”
子贡问孔子问道:“有没有一个字可以终身奉行的呢?”孔子回答说:“那就是恕吧!自己不愿意的,不要强加给别人。”

15·25子曰:“吾之于人也,谁毁谁誉?”如有所誉者,其有所试矣。斯民也,三代之所以直道而行也。”
孔子说:“我对于别人,诋毁过谁?赞美过谁?如有所赞美的,必须是曾经考验过他的。夏商周三代的人都是这样做的,所以三代能直道而行。”

15·26子曰:“吾犹及史之阙文也,有马者借人乘之,今亡矣夫。”
孔子说:“我还能够看到史书存疑的地方,有马的人(自己不会调教,)先给别人使用,这种精神,今天没有了罢。”

15·27子曰:“巧言乱德。小不忍则乱大谋。”
孔子说:“花言巧语就败坏人的德行,小事情不忍耐,就会败坏大事情。”

15·28子曰:“众恶之,必察焉;众好之,必察焉。”
孔子说:“大家都厌恶他,我必须考察一下;大家都喜欢他,我也一定要考察一下。”

15·29子曰:“人能弘道,非道弘人。”
孔子说:“人能够使道发扬光大,不是道使人的才能扩大。”

15·30子曰:“过而不改,是谓过矣。”
孔子说:“有了过错而不改正,这才真叫错了。”

15·31子曰:“吾尝终日不食,终夜不寝,以思,无益,不如学也。”
孔子说:“我曾经整天不吃饭,彻夜不睡觉,去左思右想,结果没有什么好处,还不如去学习为好。”

15·32子曰:“君子谋道不谋食。耕也,馁在其中矣;学也,禄在其中矣。君子忧道不忧贫。”
孔子说:“君子只谋求道行道,不谋求衣食。耕田,也常要饿肚子;学习,可以得到俸禄。君子只担心道不能行,不担心贫穷。”

15·33子曰:“知及之,仁不能守之;虽得之,必失之;知及之,仁能守之,不庄以涖之,则民不敬。知及之,仁能守之,庄以涖之,动之不以礼,未善也。”
孔子说:“凭借聪明才智足以得到它,但仁德不能保持它,即使得到,也一定会丧失。凭借聪明才智足以得到它,仁德可以保持它,不用严肃态度来治理百姓,那么百姓就会不敬;聪明才智足以得到它,仁德可以保持它,能用严肃态度来治理百姓,但动员百姓时不照礼的要求,那也是不完善的。”

15·34子曰:“君子不可小知而可大受也,小人不可大受而可小知也。”
孔子说:“君子不能让他们做那些小事,但可以让他们承担重大的使命。小人不能让他们承担重大的使命,但可以让他们做那些小事。”

15·35子曰:“民之于仁也,甚于水火。水火,吾见蹈而死者矣,未见蹈仁而死者也。”
孔子说:“百姓们对于仁(的需要),比对于水(的需要)更迫切。我只见过人跳到水火中而死的,却没有见过实行仁而死的。”

15·36子曰:“当仁,不让于师。”
孔子说:“面对着仁德,就是老师,也不同他谦让。”

15·37子曰:“君子贞而不谅。”
孔子说:“君子固守正道,而不拘泥于小信。”

15·38子曰:“事君,敬其事而后其食。”
孔子说:“事奉君主,要认真办事而把领取傣禄的事放在后面。”

15·39子曰:“有教无类。”
孔子说:“人人都可以接受教育,不分族类。”

15·40子曰:“道不同,不相为谋。”
孔子说:“主张不同,不互相商议。”

15·41子曰:“辞达而已矣。”
孔子说:“言辞只要能表达意思就行了。”

15·42“师冕见,及阶,子曰:“阶也。”及席,子曰:“席也。”皆坐,子告之曰:“某在斯,某在斯。”师冕出,子张问曰:“与师言之道与?”子曰:“然,固相师之道也。”
乐师冕来见孔子,走到台阶沿,孔子说:“这儿是台阶。”走到坐席旁,孔子说:“这是坐席。”等大家都坐下来,孔子告诉他:“某某在这里,某某在这里。”师冕走了以后,子张就问孔子:“这就是与乐师谈话的道吗?”孔子说:“这就是帮助乐师的道。”

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