论语英译微子篇
作者：古文学 时间：2017/12/17 16:29:30 阅读：次 类别：论语
ConfucianAnalects Chapter18
TheViscountofWeiwithdrewfromthecourt.TheViscountofChibecameaslavetoChau.Pi-kanremonstratedwithhimanddied.
Confuciussaid,"TheYindynastypossessedthesethreemenofvirtue."
HuiofLiu-hsia,beingchiefcriminaljudge,wasthricedismissedfromhisoffice.Someonesaidtohim,"Isitnotyettimeforyou,sir,toleavethis?"Hereplied,"Servingmeninanuprightway,whereshallIgoto,andnotexperiencesuchathrice-repeateddismissal?IfIchoosetoservemeninacrookedway,whatnecessityisthereformetoleavethecountryofmyparents?"
ThedukeChingofCh‘i,withreferencetothemannerinwhichheshouldtreatConfucius,said,"IcannottreathimasIwouldthechiefoftheChifamily.IwilltreathiminamannerbetweenthataccordedtothechiefoftheChilandthatgiventothechiefoftheMangfamily."Healsosaid,"Iamold;Icannotusehisdoctrines."Confuciustookhisdeparture.
ThepeopleofCh‘isenttoLuapresentoffemalemusicians,whichChiHwanreceived,andforthreedaysnocourtwasheld.Confuciustookhisdeparture.
ThemadmanofCh‘u,Chieh-yu,passedbyConfucius,singingandsaying,"OFANG!OFANG!Howisyourvirtuedegenerated!Astothepast,reproofisuseless;butthefuturemaystillbeprovidedagainst.Giveupyourvainpursuit.Giveupyourvainpursuit.Perilawaitsthosewhonowengageinaffairsofgovernment."
Confuciusalightedandwishedtoconversewithhim,butChieh-yuhastenedaway,sothathecouldnottalkwithhim.
Ch‘ang-tsuandChieh-niwereatworkinthefieldtogether,whenConfuciuspassedbythem,andsentTsze-lutoinquirefortheford.
Ch‘ang-tsusaid,"Whoishethatholdsthereinsinthecarriagethere?"Tsze-lutoldhim,"ItisK‘ungCh‘iu.‘,"IsitnotK‘ungofLu?"askedhe."Yes,"wasthereply,towhichtheotherrejoined,"Heknowstheford."
Tsze-lutheninquiredofChieh-ni,whosaidtohim,"Whoareyou,sir?"Heanswered,"IamChungYu.""AreyounotthediscipleofK‘ungCh‘iuofLu?"askedtheother."Iam,"repliedhe,andthenChieh-nisaidtohim,"Disorder,likeaswellingflood,spreadsoverthewholeempire,andwhoishethatwillchangeitsstateforyou?Ratherthanfollowonewhomerelywithdrawsfromthisoneandthatone,hadyounotbetterfollowthosewhohavewithdrawnfromtheworldaltogether?"Withthishefelltocoveringuptheseed,andproceededwithhiswork,withoutstopping.
Tsze-luwentandreportedtheirremarks,whentheMasterobservedwithasigh,"Itisimpossibletoassociatewithbirdsandbeasts,asiftheywerethesamewithus.IfIassociatenotwiththesepeople,-withmankind,-withwhomshallIassociate?Ifrightprinciplesprevailedthroughtheempire,therewouldbenouseformetochangeitsstate."
Tsze-lu,followingtheMaster,happenedtofallbehind,whenhemetanoldman,carryingacrosshisshoulderonastaffabasketforweeds.Tsze-lusaidtohim,"Haveyouseenmymaster,sir?"Theoldmanreplied,"Yourfourlimbsareunaccustomedtotoil;youcannotdistinguishthefivekindsofgrain:-whoisyourmaster?"Withthis,heplantedhisstaffintheground,andproceededtoweed.
Tsze-lujoinedhishandsacrosshisbreast,andstoodbeforehim.TheoldmankeptTsze-lutopassthenightinhishouse,killeda
fowl,preparedmillet,andfeastedhim.Healsointroducedtohimhistwosons.
Nextday,Tsze-luwentonhisway,andreportedhisadventure.TheMastersaid,"Heisarecluse,"andsentTsze-lubacktoseehimagain,butwhenhegottotheplace,theoldmanwasgone.
Tsze-luthensaidtothefamily,"Nottotakeofficeisnotrighteous.Iftherelationsbetweenoldandyoungmaynotbeneglected,howisitthathesetsasidethedutiesthatshouldbeobservedbetweensovereignandminister?Wishingtomaintainhispersonalpurity,heallowsthatgreatrelationtocometoconfusion.Asuperiormantakesoffice,andperformstherighteousdutiesbelongingtoit.Astothefailureofrightprinciplestomakeprogress,heisawareofthat."
ThemenwhohaveretiredtoprivacyfromtheworldhavebeenPo-i,Shu-ch‘i,Yuchung,I-yi,Chu-chang,HuiofLiu-hsia,andShao-lien.
TheMastersaid,"Refusingtosurrendertheirwills,ortosubmittoanytaintintheirpersons;such,Ithink,werePo-iandShu-ch‘i.
"ItmaybesaidofHuiofLiu-hsia!andofShaolien,thattheysurrenderedtheirwills,andsubmittedtotaintintheirpersons,buttheirwordscorrespondedwithreason,andtheiractionsweresuchasmenareanxioustosee.Thisisallthatistoberemarkedinthem.
"ItmaybesaidofYu-chungandI-yi,that,whiletheyhidthemselvesintheirseclusion,theygavealicensetotheirwords;butintheirpersons,theysucceededinpreservingtheirpurity,and,intheirretirement,theyactedaccordingtotheexigencyofthetimes.
"Iamdifferentfromallthese.IhavenocourseforwhichIampredetermined,andnocourseagainstwhichIampredetermined."
Thegrandmusicmaster,Chih,wenttoCh‘i.Kan,themasterofthebandatthesecondmeal,wenttoCh‘u.
Liao,thebandmasteratthethirdmeal,wenttoTs‘ai.Chueh,thebandmasteratthefourthmeal,wenttoCh‘in.
Fang-shu,thedrummaster,withdrewtothenorthoftheriver.Wu,themasterofthehanddrum,withdrewtotheHan.Yang,theassistantmusicmaster,andHsiang,masterofthemusicalstone,withdrewtoanislandinthesea.
ThedukeofChauaddressedhisson,thedukeofLu,saying,"Thevirtuousprincedoesnotneglecthisrelations.Hedoesnotcausethegreatministerstorepineathisnotemployingthem.Withoutsomegreatcause,hedoesnotdismissfromtheirofficesthemembersofoldfamilies.Hedoesnotseekinonemantalentsforeveryemployment."
ToChaubelongedtheeightofficers,Po-ta,Po-kwo,Chung-tu,Chung-hwu,Shu-ya,Shuhsia,Chi-sui,andChi-kwa.
18·1微子去之，箕子为之奴，比干谏而死。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”
微子离开了纣王，箕子做了他的奴隶，比干被杀死了。孔子说：“这是殷朝的三位仁人啊！”
18·2柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”
柳下惠当典狱官，三次被罢免。有人说：“你不可以离开鲁国吗？”柳下惠说：“按正道事奉君主，到哪里不会被多次罢官呢？如果不按正道事奉君主，为什么一定要离开本国呢？”
18·3齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能；以季、孟之间待之。”曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。
齐景公讲到对待孔子的礼节时说：“像鲁君对待季氏那样，我做不到，我用介于季氏孟氏之间的待遇对待他。”又说：“我老了，不能用了。”孔子离开了齐国。
18·4齐人归女乐，季桓子受之，三日不朝。孔子行。
齐国人赠送了一些歌女给鲁国，季桓子接受了，三天不上朝。孔子于是离开了。
18·5楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而已而！今之从政者殆而！”孔子下，欲与之言。趋而辟之，不得与之言。
楚国的狂人接舆唱着歌从孔子的车旁走过，他唱道：“凤凰啊，凤凰啊，你的德运怎么这么衰弱呢？过去的已经无可挽回，未来的还来得及改正。算了吧，算了吧。今天的执政者危乎其危！”孔子下车，想同他谈谈，他却赶快避开，孔子没能和他交谈。
18·6长沮、桀溺耦而耕。孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆者为谁？”子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”问于桀溺。桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是孔丘之徒与？”对曰：“然。”曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以易之？且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？”耰而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃然曰：“鸟兽不可与同群，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”
长沮、桀溺在一起耕种，孔子路过，让子路去寻问渡口在哪里。长沮问子路：“那个拿着缰绳的是谁？”子路说：“是孔丘。”长沮说；“是鲁国的孔丘吗？”子路说：“是的。”长沮说：“那他是早已知道渡口的位置了。”子路再去问桀溺。桀溺说：“你是谁？”子路说：“我是仲由。”桀溺说：“你是鲁国孔丘的门徒吗？”子路说：“是的。”桀溺说：“像洪水一般的坏东西到处都是，你们同谁去改变它呢？而且你与其跟着躲避人的人，为什么不跟着我们这些躲避社会的人呢？”说完，仍旧不停地做田里的农活。子路回来后把情况报告给孔子。孔子很失望地说：“人是不能与飞禽走兽合群共处的，如果不同世上的人群打交道还与谁打交道呢？如果天下太平，我就不会与你们一道来从事改革了。”
18·7子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷蓧。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿，杀鸡为黍而食之。见其二子焉。明日，子路行以告。子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至，则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节，不可废也；君臣之义，如之何其废之？欲洁其身，而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”
子路跟随孔子出行，落在了后面，遇到一个老丈，用拐杖挑着除草的工具。子路问道：“你看到我的老师吗？”老丈说：“我手脚不停地劳作，五谷还来不及播种，哪里顾得上你的老师是谁？”说完，便扶着拐杖去除草。子路拱着手恭敬地站在一旁。老丈留子路到他家住宿，杀了鸡，做了小米饭给他吃，又叫两个儿子出来与子路见面。第二天，子路赶上孔子，把这件事向他作了报告。孔子说：“这是个隐士啊。”叫子路回去再看看他。子路到了那里，老丈已经走了。子路说：“不做官是不对的。长幼间的关系是不可能废弃的；君臣间的关系怎么能废弃呢？想要自身清白，却破坏了根本的君臣伦理关系。君子做官，只是为了实行君臣之义的。至于道的行不通，早就知道了。”
18·8逸民：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与？”谓柳下惠、少连，“降志辱身矣，言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。”谓虞仲、夷逸，“隐居放言，身中清，废中权。”“我则异于是，无可无不可。”
被遗落的人有：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。孔子说：“不降低自己的意志，不屈辱自己的身分，这是伯夷叔齐吧。”说柳下惠、少连是“被迫降低自己的意志，屈辱自己的身分，但说话合乎伦理，行为合乎人心。”说虞仲、夷逸“过着隐居的生活，说话很随便，能洁身自爱，离开官位合乎权宜。”“我却同这些人不同，可以这样做，也可以那样做。”
18·9大师挚适齐，亚饭干适楚，三饭缭适蔡，四饭缺适秦，鼓方叔入于河，播鼗武入于汉，少师阳、击磬襄入于海。
太师挚到齐国去了，亚饭干到楚国去了，三饭缭到蔡国去了，四饭缺到秦国去了，打鼓的方叔到了黄河边，敲小鼓的武到了汉水边，少师阳和击磬的襄到了海滨。
18·10周公谓鲁公曰：“君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人。”
周公对鲁公说：“君子不疏远他的亲属，不使大臣们抱怨不用他们。旧友老臣没有大的过失，就不要抛弃他们，不要对人求全责备。”
18·11周有八士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧
周代有八个士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧
TheViscountofWeiwithdrewfromthecourt.TheViscountofChibecameaslavetoChau.Pi-kanremonstratedwithhimanddied.
Confuciussaid,"TheYindynastypossessedthesethreemenofvirtue."
HuiofLiu-hsia,beingchiefcriminaljudge,wasthricedismissedfromhisoffice.Someonesaidtohim,"Isitnotyettimeforyou,sir,toleavethis?"Hereplied,"Servingmeninanuprightway,whereshallIgoto,andnotexperiencesuchathrice-repeateddismissal?IfIchoosetoservemeninacrookedway,whatnecessityisthereformetoleavethecountryofmyparents?"
ThedukeChingofCh‘i,withreferencetothemannerinwhichheshouldtreatConfucius,said,"IcannottreathimasIwouldthechiefoftheChifamily.IwilltreathiminamannerbetweenthataccordedtothechiefoftheChilandthatgiventothechiefoftheMangfamily."Healsosaid,"Iamold;Icannotusehisdoctrines."Confuciustookhisdeparture.
ThepeopleofCh‘isenttoLuapresentoffemalemusicians,whichChiHwanreceived,andforthreedaysnocourtwasheld.Confuciustookhisdeparture.
ThemadmanofCh‘u,Chieh-yu,passedbyConfucius,singingandsaying,"OFANG!OFANG!Howisyourvirtuedegenerated!Astothepast,reproofisuseless;butthefuturemaystillbeprovidedagainst.Giveupyourvainpursuit.Giveupyourvainpursuit.Perilawaitsthosewhonowengageinaffairsofgovernment."
Confuciusalightedandwishedtoconversewithhim,butChieh-yuhastenedaway,sothathecouldnottalkwithhim.
Ch‘ang-tsuandChieh-niwereatworkinthefieldtogether,whenConfuciuspassedbythem,andsentTsze-lutoinquirefortheford.
Ch‘ang-tsusaid,"Whoishethatholdsthereinsinthecarriagethere?"Tsze-lutoldhim,"ItisK‘ungCh‘iu.‘,"IsitnotK‘ungofLu?"askedhe."Yes,"wasthereply,towhichtheotherrejoined,"Heknowstheford."
Tsze-lutheninquiredofChieh-ni,whosaidtohim,"Whoareyou,sir?"Heanswered,"IamChungYu.""AreyounotthediscipleofK‘ungCh‘iuofLu?"askedtheother."Iam,"repliedhe,andthenChieh-nisaidtohim,"Disorder,likeaswellingflood,spreadsoverthewholeempire,andwhoishethatwillchangeitsstateforyou?Ratherthanfollowonewhomerelywithdrawsfromthisoneandthatone,hadyounotbetterfollowthosewhohavewithdrawnfromtheworldaltogether?"Withthishefelltocoveringuptheseed,andproceededwithhiswork,withoutstopping.
Tsze-luwentandreportedtheirremarks,whentheMasterobservedwithasigh,"Itisimpossibletoassociatewithbirdsandbeasts,asiftheywerethesamewithus.IfIassociatenotwiththesepeople,-withmankind,-withwhomshallIassociate?Ifrightprinciplesprevailedthroughtheempire,therewouldbenouseformetochangeitsstate."
Tsze-lu,followingtheMaster,happenedtofallbehind,whenhemetanoldman,carryingacrosshisshoulderonastaffabasketforweeds.Tsze-lusaidtohim,"Haveyouseenmymaster,sir?"Theoldmanreplied,"Yourfourlimbsareunaccustomedtotoil;youcannotdistinguishthefivekindsofgrain:-whoisyourmaster?"Withthis,heplantedhisstaffintheground,andproceededtoweed.
Tsze-lujoinedhishandsacrosshisbreast,andstoodbeforehim.TheoldmankeptTsze-lutopassthenightinhishouse,killeda
fowl,preparedmillet,andfeastedhim.Healsointroducedtohimhistwosons.
Nextday,Tsze-luwentonhisway,andreportedhisadventure.TheMastersaid,"Heisarecluse,"andsentTsze-lubacktoseehimagain,butwhenhegottotheplace,theoldmanwasgone.
Tsze-luthensaidtothefamily,"Nottotakeofficeisnotrighteous.Iftherelationsbetweenoldandyoungmaynotbeneglected,howisitthathesetsasidethedutiesthatshouldbeobservedbetweensovereignandminister?Wishingtomaintainhispersonalpurity,heallowsthatgreatrelationtocometoconfusion.Asuperiormantakesoffice,andperformstherighteousdutiesbelongingtoit.Astothefailureofrightprinciplestomakeprogress,heisawareofthat."
ThemenwhohaveretiredtoprivacyfromtheworldhavebeenPo-i,Shu-ch‘i,Yuchung,I-yi,Chu-chang,HuiofLiu-hsia,andShao-lien.
TheMastersaid,"Refusingtosurrendertheirwills,ortosubmittoanytaintintheirpersons;such,Ithink,werePo-iandShu-ch‘i.
"ItmaybesaidofHuiofLiu-hsia!andofShaolien,thattheysurrenderedtheirwills,andsubmittedtotaintintheirpersons,buttheirwordscorrespondedwithreason,andtheiractionsweresuchasmenareanxioustosee.Thisisallthatistoberemarkedinthem.
"ItmaybesaidofYu-chungandI-yi,that,whiletheyhidthemselvesintheirseclusion,theygavealicensetotheirwords;butintheirpersons,theysucceededinpreservingtheirpurity,and,intheirretirement,theyactedaccordingtotheexigencyofthetimes.
"Iamdifferentfromallthese.IhavenocourseforwhichIampredetermined,andnocourseagainstwhichIampredetermined."
Thegrandmusicmaster,Chih,wenttoCh‘i.Kan,themasterofthebandatthesecondmeal,wenttoCh‘u.
Liao,thebandmasteratthethirdmeal,wenttoTs‘ai.Chueh,thebandmasteratthefourthmeal,wenttoCh‘in.
Fang-shu,thedrummaster,withdrewtothenorthoftheriver.Wu,themasterofthehanddrum,withdrewtotheHan.Yang,theassistantmusicmaster,andHsiang,masterofthemusicalstone,withdrewtoanislandinthesea.
ThedukeofChauaddressedhisson,thedukeofLu,saying,"Thevirtuousprincedoesnotneglecthisrelations.Hedoesnotcausethegreatministerstorepineathisnotemployingthem.Withoutsomegreatcause,hedoesnotdismissfromtheirofficesthemembersofoldfamilies.Hedoesnotseekinonemantalentsforeveryemployment."
ToChaubelongedtheeightofficers,Po-ta,Po-kwo,Chung-tu,Chung-hwu,Shu-ya,Shuhsia,Chi-sui,andChi-kwa.
18·1微子去之，箕子为之奴，比干谏而死。孔子曰：“殷有三仁焉。”
微子离开了纣王，箕子做了他的奴隶，比干被杀死了。孔子说：“这是殷朝的三位仁人啊！”
18·2柳下惠为士师，三黜。人曰：“子未可以去乎？”曰：“直道而事人，焉往而不三黜？枉道而事人，何必去父母之邦？”
柳下惠当典狱官，三次被罢免。有人说：“你不可以离开鲁国吗？”柳下惠说：“按正道事奉君主，到哪里不会被多次罢官呢？如果不按正道事奉君主，为什么一定要离开本国呢？”
18·3齐景公待孔子曰：“若季氏，则吾不能；以季、孟之间待之。”曰：“吾老矣，不能用也。”孔子行。
齐景公讲到对待孔子的礼节时说：“像鲁君对待季氏那样，我做不到，我用介于季氏孟氏之间的待遇对待他。”又说：“我老了，不能用了。”孔子离开了齐国。
18·4齐人归女乐，季桓子受之，三日不朝。孔子行。
齐国人赠送了一些歌女给鲁国，季桓子接受了，三天不上朝。孔子于是离开了。
18·5楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：“凤兮凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而已而！今之从政者殆而！”孔子下，欲与之言。趋而辟之，不得与之言。
楚国的狂人接舆唱着歌从孔子的车旁走过，他唱道：“凤凰啊，凤凰啊，你的德运怎么这么衰弱呢？过去的已经无可挽回，未来的还来得及改正。算了吧，算了吧。今天的执政者危乎其危！”孔子下车，想同他谈谈，他却赶快避开，孔子没能和他交谈。
18·6长沮、桀溺耦而耕。孔子过之，使子路问津焉。长沮曰：“夫执舆者为谁？”子路曰：“为孔丘。”曰：“是鲁孔丘与？”曰：“是也。”曰：“是知津矣。”问于桀溺。桀溺曰：“子为谁？”曰：“为仲由。”曰：“是孔丘之徒与？”对曰：“然。”曰：“滔滔者天下皆是也，而谁以易之？且而与其从辟人之士也，岂若从辟世之士哉？”耰而不辍。子路行以告。夫子怃然曰：“鸟兽不可与同群，吾非斯人之徒与而谁与？天下有道，丘不与易也。”
长沮、桀溺在一起耕种，孔子路过，让子路去寻问渡口在哪里。长沮问子路：“那个拿着缰绳的是谁？”子路说：“是孔丘。”长沮说；“是鲁国的孔丘吗？”子路说：“是的。”长沮说：“那他是早已知道渡口的位置了。”子路再去问桀溺。桀溺说：“你是谁？”子路说：“我是仲由。”桀溺说：“你是鲁国孔丘的门徒吗？”子路说：“是的。”桀溺说：“像洪水一般的坏东西到处都是，你们同谁去改变它呢？而且你与其跟着躲避人的人，为什么不跟着我们这些躲避社会的人呢？”说完，仍旧不停地做田里的农活。子路回来后把情况报告给孔子。孔子很失望地说：“人是不能与飞禽走兽合群共处的，如果不同世上的人群打交道还与谁打交道呢？如果天下太平，我就不会与你们一道来从事改革了。”
18·7子路从而后，遇丈人，以杖荷蓧。子路问曰：“子见夫子乎？”丈人曰：“四体不勤，五谷不分，孰为夫子？”植其杖而芸。子路拱而立。止子路宿，杀鸡为黍而食之。见其二子焉。明日，子路行以告。子曰：“隐者也。”使子路反见之。至，则行矣。子路曰：“不仕无义。长幼之节，不可废也；君臣之义，如之何其废之？欲洁其身，而乱大伦。君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”
子路跟随孔子出行，落在了后面，遇到一个老丈，用拐杖挑着除草的工具。子路问道：“你看到我的老师吗？”老丈说：“我手脚不停地劳作，五谷还来不及播种，哪里顾得上你的老师是谁？”说完，便扶着拐杖去除草。子路拱着手恭敬地站在一旁。老丈留子路到他家住宿，杀了鸡，做了小米饭给他吃，又叫两个儿子出来与子路见面。第二天，子路赶上孔子，把这件事向他作了报告。孔子说：“这是个隐士啊。”叫子路回去再看看他。子路到了那里，老丈已经走了。子路说：“不做官是不对的。长幼间的关系是不可能废弃的；君臣间的关系怎么能废弃呢？想要自身清白，却破坏了根本的君臣伦理关系。君子做官，只是为了实行君臣之义的。至于道的行不通，早就知道了。”
18·8逸民：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。子曰：“不降其志，不辱其身，伯夷、叔齐与？”谓柳下惠、少连，“降志辱身矣，言中伦，行中虑，其斯而已矣。”谓虞仲、夷逸，“隐居放言，身中清，废中权。”“我则异于是，无可无不可。”
被遗落的人有：伯夷、叔齐、虞仲、夷逸、朱张、柳下惠、少连。孔子说：“不降低自己的意志，不屈辱自己的身分，这是伯夷叔齐吧。”说柳下惠、少连是“被迫降低自己的意志，屈辱自己的身分，但说话合乎伦理，行为合乎人心。”说虞仲、夷逸“过着隐居的生活，说话很随便，能洁身自爱，离开官位合乎权宜。”“我却同这些人不同，可以这样做，也可以那样做。”
18·9大师挚适齐，亚饭干适楚，三饭缭适蔡，四饭缺适秦，鼓方叔入于河，播鼗武入于汉，少师阳、击磬襄入于海。
太师挚到齐国去了，亚饭干到楚国去了，三饭缭到蔡国去了，四饭缺到秦国去了，打鼓的方叔到了黄河边，敲小鼓的武到了汉水边，少师阳和击磬的襄到了海滨。
18·10周公谓鲁公曰：“君子不施其亲，不使大臣怨乎不以。故旧无大故，则不弃也。无求备于一人。”
周公对鲁公说：“君子不疏远他的亲属，不使大臣们抱怨不用他们。旧友老臣没有大的过失，就不要抛弃他们，不要对人求全责备。”
18·11周有八士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧
周代有八个士：伯达、伯适、伯突、仲忽、叔夜、叔夏、季随、季騧